LingLanMiDian: Systematic Evaluation of LLMs on TCM Knowledge and Clinical Reasoning

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2602.01779v1
• Date: Mon, 02 Feb 2026 08:02:25 GMT
• Title: LingLanMiDian: Systematic Evaluation of LLMs on TCM Knowledge and Clinical Reasoning
• Authors: Rui Hua, Yu Wei, Zixin Shu, Kai Chang, Dengying Yan, Jianan Xia, Zeyu Liu, Hui Zhu, Shujie Song, Mingzhong Xiao, Xiaodong Li, Dongmei Jia, Zhuye Gao, Yanyan Meng, Naixuan Zhao, Yu Fu, Haibin Yu, Benman Yu, Yuanyuan Chen, Fei Dong, Zhizhou Meng, Pengcheng Yang, Songxue Zhao, Lijuan Pei, Yunhui Hu, Kan Ding, Jiayuan Duan, Wenmao Yin, Yang Gu, Runshun Zhang, Qiang Zhu, Jian Yu, Jiansheng Li, Baoyan Liu, Wenjia Wang, Xuezhong Zhou,
• Abstract summary: LingLan benchmark is a large-scale, expert-curated, multi-task suite that unifies evaluation across knowledge recall, multi-hop reasoning, information extraction, and real-world clinical decision-making.<n>LingLan introduces a consistent metric design, a synonym-tolerant protocol for clinical labels, a per-dataset 400-item Hard subset, and a reframing of diagnosis and treatment recommendation into single-choice decision recognition.
• Score: 27.37958097277936
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) are advancing rapidly in medical NLP, yet Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) with its distinctive ontology, terminology, and reasoning patterns requires domain-faithful evaluation. Existing TCM benchmarks are fragmented in coverage and scale and rely on non-unified or generation-heavy scoring that hinders fair comparison. We present the LingLanMiDian (LingLan) benchmark, a large-scale, expert-curated, multi-task suite that unifies evaluation across knowledge recall, multi-hop reasoning, information extraction, and real-world clinical decision-making. LingLan introduces a consistent metric design, a synonym-tolerant protocol for clinical labels, a per-dataset 400-item Hard subset, and a reframing of diagnosis and treatment recommendation into single-choice decision recognition. We conduct comprehensive, zero-shot evaluations on 14 leading open-source and proprietary LLMs, providing a unified perspective on their strengths and limitations in TCM commonsense knowledge understanding, reasoning, and clinical decision support; critically, the evaluation on Hard subset reveals a substantial gap between current models and human experts in TCM-specialized reasoning. By bridging fundamental knowledge and applied reasoning through standardized evaluation, LingLan establishes a unified, quantitative, and extensible foundation for advancing TCM LLMs and domain-specific medical AI research. All evaluation data and code are available at https://github.com/TCMAI-BJTU/LingLan and http://tcmnlp.com.

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