Charge-$4e$ superconductor with parafermionic vortices: A path to universal topological quantum computation

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2602.06963v1
• Date: Fri, 06 Feb 2026 18:59:56 GMT
• Title: Charge-$4e$ superconductor with parafermionic vortices: A path to universal topological quantum computation
• Abstract summary: Topological superconductors (TSCs) provide a promising route to fault-tolerant quantum information processing.<n>We find a $4e$ TSC that overcomes constraints by combining a charge-$4e$ condensate with an Abelian chiral $mathbbZ_3$ topological order.
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• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: Topological superconductors (TSCs) provide a promising route to fault-tolerant quantum information processing. However, the canonical Majorana platform based on $2e$ TSCs remains computationally constrained. In this work, we find a $4e$ TSC that overcomes these constraints by combining a charge-$4e$ condensate with an Abelian chiral $\mathbb{Z}_3$ topological order in an intertwined fashion. Remarkably, this $4e$ TSC can be obtained by proliferating vortex-antivortex pairs in a stack of two $2e$ $p+ip$ TSCs, or by melting a $ν=2/3$ quantum Hall state. Specific to this TSC, the $hc/(4e)$ fluxes act as charge-conjugation defects in the topological order, whose braiding with anyons transmutes anyons into their antiparticles. This symmetry enrichment leads to $\mathbb{Z}_3$ parafermion zero modes trapped in the elementary vortex cores, which naturally encode qutrits. Braiding the parafermion defects alone generates the full many-qutrit Clifford group. We further show that a simple single-probe interferometric measurement enables topologically protected magic-state preparation, promoting Clifford operations to a universal gate set. Importantly, the non-Abelian excitations in the $4e$ TSC are confined to externally controlled defects, making them uniquely identifiable and amenable to controlled creation and motion with superconducting-circuit technology. Our results establish hierarchical electron aggregation as a complementary principle for engineering topological quantum matter with enhanced computational power.

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