Equilibrium thermometry in the multilevel quantum Rabi model

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2602.12787v1
• Date: Fri, 13 Feb 2026 10:13:24 GMT
• Title: Equilibrium thermometry in the multilevel quantum Rabi model
• Authors: Tabitha Doicin, Luis A. Correa, Jonas Glatthard, Andrew D. Armour, Gerardo Adesso,
• Abstract summary: Temperature sensitivity of a probe in equilibrium can be gauged by its thermal quantum Fisher information (QFI)<n>Here, we study the thermometric performance of a multilevel quantum Rabi model in which two well-separated atomic manifold characterises near-degenerate levels couple to a single cavity mode.
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• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: The temperature sensitivity of a probe in equilibrium can be gauged by its thermal quantum Fisher information (QFI). It is known that probes exhibiting degeneracy in their energy-level structure can achieve larger sensitivities, while probes with a more uniform spectrum may remain sensitive over a broader temperature range. Here, we study the thermometric performance of a multilevel quantum Rabi model in which two well-separated atomic manifolds of near-degenerate levels couple to a single cavity mode. We generalise the standard quantum Rabi treatment in the adiabatic regime to find an approximate closed-form expression for the thermal QFI. We then characterise two complementary limits. On the one hand, a large dark-state manifold (dark-manifold saturation) produces a robust peak in thermal sensitivity due to bright--dark population transfer. Such increase in sensitivity is further maximised at an intermediate light--matter coupling strength. Maximising instead the number of bright states (bright-manifold saturation) generates a broadband thermal response that becomes increasingly stable under random light--matter couplings as the number of levels is increased. The rich spectral structure of our cavity-QED model thus makes it a versatile and sensitive equilibrium thermometer over a broad range of temperatures.

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