Related papers: In situ calibration of microwave attenuation and gain using a cryogenic on-chip attenuator

In situ calibration of microwave attenuation and gain using a cryogenic on-chip attenuator

URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2602.16889v2
Date: Mon, 23 Feb 2026 18:21:19 GMT
Title: In situ calibration of microwave attenuation and gain using a cryogenic on-chip attenuator
Authors: Thomas Descamps, Linus Andersson, Vittorio Buccheri, Simon Sundelin, Mohammed Ali Aamir, Simone Gasparinetti,
Abstract summary: We demonstrate a compact, self-calibrating cryogenic noise source based on an on-chip chromium attenuator.<n>By comparing Johnson-Nyquist noise generated by Joule and microwave heating, measured through the amplification chain, the attenuation of the input line, and hence the gain of the chain, is determined.
Score: 0.0
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Abstract: Accurate in situ calibration of microwave attenuation and amplification-chain noise is essential for superconducting quantum circuits. We demonstrate a compact, self-calibrating cryogenic noise source based on an on-chip chromium attenuator that can be resistively heated with nanowatt-level power and directly integrated into a coaxial microwave line at the mixing-chamber stage. By comparing Johnson-Nyquist noise generated by Joule and microwave heating, measured through the amplification chain, the attenuation of the input line, and hence the gain of the chain, is determined without requiring knowledge of the attenuator temperature. The device exhibits millisecond-scale response times and negligible heating of the cryostat base plate. Using this approach, we determine the gain and added noise of a cryogenic amplification chain over the 4-8 GHz band. Our results provide a simple and accurate method to characterize near-quantum-limited parametric amplifiers used in superconducting-qubit readout.

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