Driving with A Thousand Faces: A Benchmark for Closed-Loop Personalized End-to-End Autonomous Driving

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2602.18757v1
• Date: Sat, 21 Feb 2026 08:42:32 GMT
• Title: Driving with A Thousand Faces: A Benchmark for Closed-Loop Personalized End-to-End Autonomous Driving
• Authors: Xiaoru Dong, Ruiqin Li, Xiao Han, Zhenxuan Wu, Jiamin Wang, Jian Chen, Qi Jiang, SM Yiu, Xinge Zhu, Yuexin Ma,
• Abstract summary: Person2Drive is a comprehensive personalized E2E-AD platform and benchmark.<n>It includes an open-source, flexible data collection system that simulates realistic scenarios to generate personalized driving datasets.<n>Our dataset and code will be released after acceptance.
• Score: 39.31712441721641
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: Human driving behavior is inherently diverse, yet most end-to-end autonomous driving (E2E-AD) systems learn a single average driving style, neglecting individual differences. Achieving personalized E2E-AD faces challenges across three levels: limited real-world datasets with individual-level annotations, a lack of quantitative metrics for evaluating personal driving styles, and the absence of algorithms that can learn stylized representations from users' trajectories. To address these gaps, we propose Person2Drive, a comprehensive personalized E2E-AD platform and benchmark. It includes an open-source, flexible data collection system that simulates realistic scenarios to generate scalable and diverse personalized driving datasets; style vector-based evaluation metrics with Maximum Mean Discrepancy and KL divergence to comprehensively quantify individual driving behaviors; and a personalized E2E-AD framework with a style reward model that efficiently adapts E2E models for safe and individualized driving. Extensive experiments demonstrate that Person2Drive enables fine-grained analysis, reproducible evaluation, and effective personalization in end-to-end autonomous driving. Our dataset and code will be released after acceptance.

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