Spatiotemporal Pauli processes: Quantum combs for modelling correlated noise in quantum error correction

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2603.05474v1
• Date: Thu, 05 Mar 2026 18:45:06 GMT
• Title: Spatiotemporal Pauli processes: Quantum combs for modelling correlated noise in quantum error correction
• Authors: John F Kam, Angus Southwell, Spiro Gicev, Muhammad Usman, Kavan Modi,
• Abstract summary: Corspace noise is a critical failure mode in quantum error correction (QEC)<n>We present emphSpatio Pauli Processes (SPPs)<n>We map arbitrary multi-time, non-ovian dynamics to a multi-time Pauli process.
• Score: 0.7345631364204196
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: Correlated noise is a critical failure mode in quantum error correction (QEC), as temporal memory and spatial structure concentrate faults into error bursts that undermine standard threshold assumptions. Yet, a fundamental gap persists between the stochastic Pauli models ubiquitous in QEC and the microscopic, non-Markovian descriptions of physical device dynamics. We close this gap by introducing \emph{Spatiotemporal Pauli Processes} (SPPs). By applying a multi-time Pauli twirl -- operationally realised by Pauli-frame randomisation -- to a general process tensor, we map arbitrary multi-time, non-Markovian dynamics to a multi-time Pauli process. This process is represented by a process-separable comb, or equivalently, a well-defined joint probability distribution over Pauli trajectories in spacetime. We show that SPPs inherit efficient tensor network representations whose bond dimensions are bounded by the environment's Liouville-space dimension. To interpret these structures, we develop transfer operator diagnostics linking spectra to correlation decay, and exact hidden Markov representations for suitable classes of SPPs. We demonstrate the framework via surface code memory and stability simulations of up to distance \(19\) for (i) a temporally correlated ``storm'' model that tunes correlation length at fixed marginal error rates, and (ii) a genuinely spatiotemporal 2D quantum cellular automaton bath that maps exactly to a nonlinear probabilistic cellular automaton under twirling. Tuning coherent bath interactions drives the system into a pseudo-critical regime, exhibiting critical slowing down and macroscopic error avalanches that cause a complete breakdown of surface code distance scaling. Together, these results justify SPPs as an operationally grounded, scalable toolkit for modelling, diagnosing, and benchmarking correlated noise in QEC.

Related papers

• Parallel Complex Diffusion for Scalable Time Series Generation [50.01609741902786]
  PaCoDi is a spectral-native architecture that decouples generative modeling in the frequency domain.<n>We show that PaCoDi outperforms existing baselines in both generation quality and inference speed.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2026-02-10T14:31:53Z)
• Real-Time Iteration Scheme for Dynamical Mean-Field Theory: A Framework for Near-Term Quantum Simulation [0.0]
  We present a time-domain iteration scheme for solving the Dynamical Mean-Field Theory (DMFT) self-consistent equations.<n>Unlike conventional DMFT approaches that operate in imaginary time or frequency space, our scheme operates directly with real-time quantities.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2026-01-27T18:59:00Z)
• Color code thresholds under circuit-level noise beyond the Pauli framework [0.0]
  A quantum error correction code is assessed over its ability to correct errors in noisy quantum circuits.<n>This task requires extensive simulations of faulty quantum circuits, which are often made tractable by considering Pauli noise models.<n>We extend circuit-level noise beyond the Pauli framework by estimating the threshold of the color code under more general noise models.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2025-11-07T21:24:51Z)
• Flow based approach for Dynamic Temporal Causal models with non-Gaussian or Heteroscedastic Noises [37.02662517645979]
  We introduce FANTOM, a unified framework for causal discovery.<n>It handles non-stationary processes along with non-Gaussian and heteroscedastic noises.<n>It simultaneously infers the number of regimes and their corresponding indices and learns each regime's Directed Acyclic Graph.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2025-06-20T15:12:43Z)
• Tailoring transport in quantum spin chains via disorder and collisions [41.94295877935867]
  We investigate the interplay of disorder and time-homogeneous collisional noise in shaping the transport dynamics of anisotropic XXZZ spin chain.<n>We find that space-homogeneous and low-rate collisions can shape regions where localization sets in the form of subsequent plateaus.<n>Our findings can be applied to design stroboscopic protocols where sequences of transport and localization can be tailored.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2025-02-21T15:11:58Z)
• Quantum non-Markovian noise in randomized benchmarking of spin-boson models [0.0]
  We study the effects of a quantum non-Markovian bath on qubit randomized benchmarking experiments.<n>Allowing for non-Markovianity in the interactions leads to clear differences in the randomized benchmarking decay curves.<n>These results inform efforts on incorporating quantum non-Markovian noise in the characterization and benchmarking of quantum devices.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2025-02-20T16:25:59Z)
• Lindblad-like quantum tomography for non-Markovian quantum dynamical maps [46.350147604946095]
  We introduce Lindblad-like quantum tomography (L$ell$QT) as a quantum characterization technique of time-correlated noise in quantum information processors.<n>We discuss L$ell$QT for the dephasing dynamics of single qubits in detail, which allows for a neat understanding of the importance of including multiple snapshots of the quantum evolution in the likelihood function.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2024-03-28T19:29:12Z)
• Engineering Transport via Collisional Noise: a Toolbox for Biology Systems [44.99833362998488]
  We study a generalised XXZ model in the presence of collision noise, which allows to describe environments beyond the standard Markovian formulation. Results constitute an example of the essential building blocks for the understanding of quantum transport in noisy and warm disordered environments.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2023-11-15T12:55:28Z)
• Scaling of temporal entanglement in proximity to integrability [0.0]
  We analytically compute the exact IM for a family of integrable Floquet models. We show that the IM exhibits area-law temporal entanglement scaling for all parameter values. Near criticality, a non-trivial scaling behavior of temporal entanglement is found.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2021-04-15T17:16:57Z)
• Continuous-time dynamics and error scaling of noisy highly-entangling quantum circuits [58.720142291102135]
  We simulate a noisy quantum Fourier transform processor with up to 21 qubits. We take into account microscopic dissipative processes rather than relying on digital error models. We show that depending on the dissipative mechanisms at play, the choice of input state has a strong impact on the performance of the quantum algorithm.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2021-02-08T14:55:44Z)
• Dynamical Mean-Field Theory for Markovian Open Quantum Many-Body Systems [0.0]
  We extend the nonequilibrium bosonic Dynamical Mean Field Theory to Markovian open quantum systems. As a first application, we address the steady-state of a driven-dissipative Bose-Hubbard model with two-body losses and incoherent pump.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2020-08-06T10:35:26Z)

This list is automatically generated from the titles and abstracts of the papers in this site.

This site does not guarantee the quality of this site (including all information) and is not responsible for any consequences.