Modeling Energy Relaxation via Quantum Thermalization: A Superconducting Qubit Coupled to a Many-Body TLS System

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2603.13322v1
• Date: Wed, 04 Mar 2026 16:26:19 GMT
• Title: Modeling Energy Relaxation via Quantum Thermalization: A Superconducting Qubit Coupled to a Many-Body TLS System
• Abstract summary: We numerically simulate the irreversible thermalization-driven energy relaxation of a superconducting qubit coupled to a many-body TLS system.<n>Results show that thermalization suppresses coherent energy exchange between the qubit and TLS, resulting in exponential energy decay.
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• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: While two-level systems (TLS) in superconducting qubits are known to introduce phonon-mediated energy dissipation channels, many-body TLS systems themselves can also act as a distinct dissipation channel whose effect on qubit energy relaxation remains to be explored. In this work, we model and numerically simulate the irreversible thermalization-driven energy relaxation of a superconducting qubit coupled to a many-body TLS system. Our numerical results show that thermalization suppresses coherent energy exchange between the qubit and TLS, resulting in exponential energy decay. The relaxation times scale as $T_1, T_2 \propto J^{-2}$, where $J$ denotes the qubit-TLS coupling strength. Moreover, $T_1$ is significantly affected by the internal coupling strength of the TLS system, the TLS frequency fluctuation rate, and the number of thermally excited TLS. This work provides a quantum thermalization perspective for understanding qubit energy relaxation and decoherence, with potential implications for decoherence scenarios in other open quantum systems.

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