Arabic Morphosyntactic Tagging and Dependency Parsing with Large Language Models

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2603.16718v1
• Date: Tue, 17 Mar 2026 16:06:29 GMT
• Title: Arabic Morphosyntactic Tagging and Dependency Parsing with Large Language Models
• Abstract summary: Large language models (LLMs) perform strongly on many NLP tasks, but their ability to produce explicit linguistic structure remains unclear.<n>We evaluate instruction-tuned LLMs on two structured prediction tasks for Standard Arabic: morphosyntactic tagging and labeled dependency parsing.
• Score: 13.143003615122245
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) perform strongly on many NLP tasks, but their ability to produce explicit linguistic structure remains unclear. We evaluate instruction-tuned LLMs on two structured prediction tasks for Standard Arabic: morphosyntactic tagging and labeled dependency parsing. Arabic provides a challenging testbed due to its rich morphology and orthographic ambiguity, which create strong morphology-syntax interactions. We compare zero-shot prompting with retrieval-based in-context learning (ICL) using examples from Arabic treebanks. Results show that prompt design and demonstration selection strongly affect performance: proprietary models approach supervised baselines for feature-level tagging and become competitive with specialized dependency parsers. In raw-text settings, tokenization remains challenging, though retrieval-based ICL improves both parsing and tokenization. Our analysis highlights which aspects of Arabic morphosyntax and syntax LLMs capture reliably and which remain difficult.

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