Materials Beyond Hamiltonian Limits -- Quantum Measurement as a Resource for Material Design

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2603.21769v1
• Date: Mon, 23 Mar 2026 10:06:49 GMT
• Title: Materials Beyond Hamiltonian Limits -- Quantum Measurement as a Resource for Material Design
• Abstract summary: Recent studies have identified materials and devices whose behavior lies beyond the scope of conventional electronic-structure theory.<n>This article explores the foundations of unitary-projective electron dynamics and charts the resulting landscape of quantum materials and their functionalities.
• Score: 0.0
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
• Abstract: Recent studies have identified materials and devices whose behavior lies beyond the scope of conventional electronic-structure theory. Such theories are formulated entirely in terms of Hamiltonian evolution and therefore describe only unitary dynamics and thus only a restricted class of quantum systems. In contrast, electron systems that incorporate quantum measurement as an intrinsic dynamical element undergo Hamiltonian evolution interleaved with projection-induced state updates. This unitary-projective dynamics breaks constraints imposed by purely unitary evolution and permits stochastic population transfer between symmetry-related transport channels, thereby enabling fundamentally new material functionalities. This insight motivates the deliberate design of materials and devices that harness unitary-projective dynamics. This article explores the foundations of unitary-projective electron dynamics and charts the resulting landscape of quantum materials and their functionalities. Model calculations demonstrate passive mesoscopic structures with intrinsic nonreciprocal single-electron transmission, materials exhibiting a novel category of magnetism, and possible platforms for energy harvesting and conversion with efficiencies that exceed the standard Carnot limit.

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