Effects of measurements on entanglement dynamics for $1+1$D $\mathbb Z_2$ lattice gauge theory

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2603.28877v1
• Date: Mon, 30 Mar 2026 18:01:11 GMT
• Title: Effects of measurements on entanglement dynamics for $1+1$D $\mathbb Z_2$ lattice gauge theory
• Abstract summary: The $1+1$ dimensional $mathbb Z$ gauge theory is the simplest model that allows for quantum simulation.<n>This work focuses on measuring physical observables for a $mathbb Z$ gauge theory.
• Score: 0.12233362977312945
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: The $1+1$ dimensional $\mathbb Z_2$ gauge theory is the simplest model that allows for quantum simulation to probe the fundamental aspects of a gauge theory coupled with dynamical fermions. To reliably benchmark such a system, it is crucial to understand the non-unitary quantum dynamics arising from the underlying non-Hermitian evolution and to model the effects of quantum measurements. This work focuses on measuring physical observables for a $\mathbb Z_2$ gauge theory. Tensor network calculations are performed to probe the effect of measurement for larger lattice sizes (up to 256-site systems). Using Matrix Product State calculations, the dynamics of entanglement entropy are studied as a function of the measurement rate and the coupling constant. We find that, under both local and non-local measurements, the late-time saturation value of the bipartite entanglement entropy remains independent of system size, indicating the absence of a measurement-induced phase transition in the no-click limit.

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