Towards Green Wearable Computing: A Physics-Aware Spiking Neural Network for Energy-Efficient IMU-based Human Activity Recognition

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2604.10458v2
• Date: Sat, 18 Apr 2026 06:19:40 GMT
• Title: Towards Green Wearable Computing: A Physics-Aware Spiking Neural Network for Energy-Efficient IMU-based Human Activity Recognition
• Abstract summary: Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) offer extreme event-driven energy efficiency, but standard architectures struggle with complex biomechanical topologies and temporal gradient degradation.<n>We propose Physics-Aware Spiking Neural Network (PAS-Net), a fully multiplier-free architecture explicitly tailored for Green HAR.<n>PAS-Net achieves state-of-the-art accuracy while replacing dense operations with sparse 0.1 pJ integer accumulations.
• Score: 0.22618128882498598
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: Wearable IMU-based Human Activity Recognition (HAR) relies heavily on Deep Neural Networks (DNNs), which are burdened by immense computational and buffering demands. Their power-hungry floating-point operations and rigid requirement to process complete temporal windows severely cripple battery-constrained edge devices. While Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) offer extreme event-driven energy efficiency, standard architectures struggle with complex biomechanical topologies and temporal gradient degradation. To bridge this gap, we propose the Physics-Aware Spiking Neural Network (PAS-Net), a fully multiplier-free architecture explicitly tailored for Green HAR. Spatially, an adaptive symmetric topology mixer enforces human-joint physical constraints. Temporally, an $O(1)$-memory causal neuromodulator yields context-aware dynamic threshold neurons, adapting actively to non-stationary movement rhythms. Furthermore, we leverage a temporal spike error objective to unlock a flexible early-exit mechanism for continuous IMU streams. Evaluated across seven diverse datasets, PAS-Net achieves state-of-the-art accuracy while replacing dense operations with sparse 0.1 pJ integer accumulations. Crucially, its confidence-driven early-exit capability drastically reduces dynamic energy consumption by up to 98\%. PAS-Net establishes a robust, ultra-low-power neuromorphic standard for always-on wearable sensing. The source code and pre-trained models are publicly available at https://github.com/zhengnaichuan2022/PAS-Net.git.

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