From Reactive to Proactive: A Multi-Regulatory Empirical Analysis of 480 AI Incidents and a Data-Driven Governance Compliance Framework

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2605.16281v1
• Date: Fri, 10 Apr 2026 21:22:55 GMT
• Title: From Reactive to Proactive: A Multi-Regulatory Empirical Analysis of 480 AI Incidents and a Data-Driven Governance Compliance Framework
• Abstract summary: The study presents a cross empirical analysis of 480 realworld AI incidents from the AI Incident Database.<n>The results reveal substantial governance gaps, indicating persistent weaknesses in post-deployment accountability.<n>The study proposes the Proactive AI Governance Compliance Framework (PAGCF) to shift governance from reactive incident response toward pre-deployment compliance.
• Score: 0.0
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: Artificial intelligence systems are increasingly deployed in high-stakes domains, yet it remains unclear whether existing governance frameworks ensure accountability after deployment. This study makes two contributions. First, it presents a cross-regulatory empirical analysis of 480 real-world AI incidents from the AI Incident Database (AIID), evaluating their alignment with post-deployment provisions in three major governance frameworks: the EU AI Act (Articles 72-73), the NIST AI Risk Management Framework (MANAGE and GOVERN functions), and the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR Articles 22, 33-35). The results reveal substantial governance gaps across these frameworks, indicating persistent weaknesses in post-deployment accountability. Second, based on these findings, the study proposes the Proactive AI Governance Compliance Framework (PAGCF), a four-phase lifecycle methodology designed to shift governance from reactive incident response toward pre-deployment compliance assurance. The framework includes risk-stratified governance tiers, an implementation checklist linked to specific regulatory provisions, and a projected impact analysis that uses internal monitoring as a proxy for proactive governance capacity.

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