Physics-in-the-Loop: A Hybrid Agentic Architecture for Validated CAD Engineering Design

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2605.19717v1
• Date: Tue, 19 May 2026 11:52:42 GMT
• Title: Physics-in-the-Loop: A Hybrid Agentic Architecture for Validated CAD Engineering Design
• Abstract summary: Large Language Models (LLMs) can generate Computer-Aided Design (CAD), yet lack physical comprehension required for reliable engineering design.<n>We propose a Hybrid Agentic-Physical Architecture that embeds validated knowledge-based engineering tools directly into the decision making loop of autonomous AI agents.<n>Our system generates more complex and physically verified designs, with a 4.2 increase in structural complexity and improving compile rate by 3.5% compared to similar agentic methods.
• Score: 2.523956380620852
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: Large Language Models (LLMs) can generate Computer-Aided Design (CAD), yet lack physical comprehension required for reliable engineering design. Instead of attempting to implicitly learn physical laws from data, we propose a Hybrid Agentic-Physical Architecture that embeds validated knowledge-based engineering tools directly into the decision making loop of autonomous AI agents. In this framework, engineering design is formulated as a closed-loop, sequential decision making process guided by explicit physical verification. Based on a load case, dedicated agents iteratively plan, generate, evaluate, and revise engineering designs using knowledge-based tools as a feedback signal. We introduce a benchmark dataset and metrics for assessing functional validity in generative CAD. Our system generates more complex and physically verified designs, with a 4.2 increase in structural complexity and improving compile rate by 3.5% compared to similar agentic methods. The codebase, prompts and dataset will be made publicly available to support reproducibility and future research.

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