SkillAdaptor: Self-Adapting Skills for LLM Agents from Trajectories

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2606.01311v1
• Date: Sun, 31 May 2026 16:00:10 GMT
• Title: SkillAdaptor: Self-Adapting Skills for LLM Agents from Trajectories
• Abstract summary: We propose SkillAdaptor, a training-free step-level skill adaptation framework with explicit failure attribution.<n>We evaluate it on WebShop, PinchBench, and Claw-Eval with Kimi-K2.5, GLM-5, and GPT-5.2.
• Score: 21.45159075534644
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
• Abstract: Large language model (LLM) agents increasingly rely on reusable external skills to solve long-horizon interactive tasks. Existing training-free skill adaptation pipelines usually update skills from full trajectories or session-level feedback, which makes failure attribution coarse and often produces unstable or overly broad revisions. We propose SkillAdaptor, a training-free step-level skill adaptation framework with explicit failure attribution, and it can plug into OpenClaw-class agent harnesses. Given a failed trajectory, SkillAdaptor identifies a first actionable fault step, links responsibility to candidate skills, and applies targeted updates under explicit acceptance checks while keeping the backbone frozen. We evaluate on WebShop, PinchBench, and Claw-Eval with Kimi-K2.5, GLM-5, and GPT-5.2. SkillAdaptor improves over no-skill and skill-adaptation baselines on all three suites, with the largest single-metric improvements of +1.5 points on PinchBench Avg Score%, +1.8 on Claw-Eval Avg Score, and +1.7 on WebShop success rate. These results indicate that step-level attribution supports more stable and auditable training-free skill maintenance\footnote{The code will be released at https://github.com/zjunlp/SkillAdaptor.}.

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