A Dual Metastable-State Encoding Architecture for Quantum Processing with $^{171}\mathrm{Yb}$ Atom Arrays

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2606.08453v1
• Date: Sun, 07 Jun 2026 04:55:40 GMT
• Title: A Dual Metastable-State Encoding Architecture for Quantum Processing with $^{171}\mathrm{Yb}$ Atom Arrays
• Abstract summary: Neutral-atom arrays combine scalable qubit registers, long coherence times, flexible optical control, and strong Rydberg-mediated entangling interactions.<n>Fault-tolerant quantum error correction (QEC) requires repeated mid-circuit measurement and reset of ancilla qubits.<n>We propose a dual metastable-state qubit encoding for $171mathrmYb$ atoms that utilizes two independent qubit subspaces.
• Score: 2.395322322502338
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: Neutral-atom arrays combine scalable qubit registers, long coherence times, flexible optical control, and strong Rydberg-mediated entangling interactions, making them a promising platform for quantum information processing. However, physical error rates remain a challenge, and fault-tolerant quantum error correction (QEC) requires repeated mid-circuit measurement and reset of ancilla qubits without disturbing nearby data qubits. This requirement introduces significant control and architectural overhead, making qubit encoding an important architectural decision. Here, we propose a dual metastable-state qubit encoding for $^{171}\mathrm{Yb}$ atoms that utilizes two independent qubit subspaces in the $(6s6p)\,{}^3\mathrm{P}_0$ and $(6s6p)\,{}^3\mathrm{P}_2$ manifolds. The ${}^3\mathrm{P}_0$ manifold provides a long-coherence nuclear-spin (NS) qubit suitable for storage and arithmetic operations, while the ${}^3\mathrm{P}_2$ manifold provides a hyperfine-spin (HF) qubit, with $Δ_{\mathrm{HF}} = 2π\times 6.7~\mathrm{GHz}$, that enables fast Raman operations and direct state-selective imaging. Coherent shelving between the two metastable manifolds connects the qubit subspaces, allowing operations to be assigned to spectrally distinct processor zones. We simulate single-qubit and two-qubit gate fidelities in ${}^3\mathrm{P}_2$, as well as coherent shelving between the HF and NS qubit subspaces. We incorporate these physical-level estimates into an architectural resource estimation and logical-level simulation. Our approach integrates mid-circuit measurements and fast qubit operations within a single-species platform, providing a versatile framework for future fault-tolerant quantum computing with neutral-atom qubits.

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