Probing the Weak-Driving Quantum Speed Limit via Drift-Aware Shooting Methods

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2606.22212v1
• Date: Sat, 20 Jun 2026 20:19:50 GMT
• Title: Probing the Weak-Driving Quantum Speed Limit via Drift-Aware Shooting Methods
• Abstract summary: MAGICARP -- a shooting method inspired by Pontryagin's maximum principle on energy -- generates an entire pulse from a small set of parameters.<n> Benchmarked against KrotovPE at matched gate, MAGICARP consistently achieves the lowest energy and a conserved pulse area.<n>A large statistical survey of unselected optimization runs resolves a weak-driving quantum speed limit for two exchange-coupled electron spins.
• Score: 0.0
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: A central goal of quantum optimal control is to achieve high-fidelity and low-energy control pulses. When quantum optimal control methods optimize every point of a pulse discretized over small time steps independently this can yield high fidelity control but also results in broadband and energy-hungry waveforms. We extend MAGICARP -- a shooting method inspired by Pontryagin's maximum principle on energy that generates an entire pulse from a small set of parameters, making it smooth and energy-efficient by construction -- from driftless systems to closed systems with the constant drift Hamiltonian of two exchange-coupled spins in an external magnetic field. The optimization proceeds in stages: the dressed states of the drift Hamiltonian structure the target, an initial shooting optimization is performed in the rotating-wave frame, and an exact laboratory-frame refinement follows. Benchmarked against Krotov and GRAPE at matched gate infidelity, MAGICARP consistently achieves the lowest energy and a conserved pulse area, concentrates its spectral weight on the gate-relevant transitions, and is the most robust to fluctuations in the exchange coupling; GRAPE independently converges to essentially the same pulse, while Krotov's method pays an order-of-magnitude energy premium. Moreover, a large statistical survey of unselected optimization runs resolves a weak-driving quantum speed limit for two exchange-coupled electron spins: low-amplitude realizations of the two-qubit quantum Fourier transform cease to exist below a critical gate time $T^*$ set by the drift's interaction rate, and the minimum control energy diverges on approach to this limit. The divergence obeys a simple two-parameter area-pole law, $E_2^{\mathrm{law}}(T)=A/T+B/(T-T^*)$, whose first term is the time-optimal area cost and whose second term is a pole at the speed limit.

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