Giant Second-Harmonic Generation in 3R-MoS2/MLM Hybrid Metasurfaces Cavities

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2606.26751v1
• Date: Thu, 25 Jun 2026 08:36:07 GMT
• Title: Giant Second-Harmonic Generation in 3R-MoS2/MLM Hybrid Metasurfaces Cavities
• Abstract summary: We introduce a physics informed AI-driven inverse design framework based on a hybrid one-dimensional convolutional neural network and deep neural network autoencoder.<n>NanoPhotoNet-PINL establishes generalizable paradigm for intelligent inverse design of nonlinear multi-layer meta-surfaces phase-matched harmonicresonant cavities.
• Score: 0.0
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: Nonlinear 2D materials such as 3R-phase molybdenum disulfide (3R-MoS2) offer strong second-order optical nonlinearities in an atomically thin platform, making them attractive for on-chip frequency conversion, quantum light generation, and integrated nonlinear nanophotonics. However, the second harmonic generation (SHG) efficiency of monolayer or few-layer 3R-MoS2 deposited on planar substrates remains fundamentally limited by weak light-matter interaction, poor phase matching, and small interaction volumes. Here, we introduce NanoPhotoNet-PINL, a physics informed AI-driven inverse design framework based on a hybrid one-dimensional convolutional neural network and deep neural network autoencoder, tailored for nonlinear MLMs metasurfaces. The model directly maps target dual-resonant reflection spectra at the fundamental and second-harmonic wavelengths to the required multi-layer geometries and material compositions that maximize the effective nonlinear overlap with an embedded 3R-MoS2 sheet. By integrating Maxwell-based nonlinear electrodynamics into the inverse design loop, we compute the second-harmonic conversion efficiency and modal overlap factors for each predicted MLMs design, enabling physics-guided training and evaluation. Our approach achieves an inverse-design prediction efficiency exceeding ~99.2 % along the linear spectral manifold, while the optimized dual-resonant MLMs yield more than three orders of magnitude enhancement in SHG intensity compared to a bare 3R-MoS2 flake on a planar substrate. NanoPhotoNet-PINL establishes a generalizable paradigm for intelligent inverse design of nonlinear multi-layer metasurfaces and phase-matched dual-resonant cavities for high-efficiency second-order processes.

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