FSDC-DETR: A Frequency-Spatial Domain Collaborative DETR for Small Object Detection

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2607.05176v2
• Date: Tue, 07 Jul 2026 08:16:00 GMT
• Title: FSDC-DETR: A Frequency-Spatial Domain Collaborative DETR for Small Object Detection
• Abstract summary: Small object detection (SOD) remains a challenging task in real-world applications.<n>Existing detectors remain limited by rigid processing that entangle spatial aggregation with implicit frequency aliasing and truncation.<n>We propose a Frequency-Spatial Domain Collaborative Detection Transformer (FSDC-DETR) that explicitly models complementary spatial and frequency representations.
• Score: 13.442724218805282
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: Small object detection (SOD) remains a challenging task in real-world applications. Despite recent advances, existing detectors remain limited by rigid processing that entangle spatial aggregation with implicit frequency aliasing and truncation, leading to inadequate preservation of high-frequency components for SOD. To tackle these limitations, we propose a Frequency-Spatial Domain Collaborative Detection Transformer (FSDC-DETR), a novel collaborative framework that explicitly models complementary spatial and frequency representations. Specifically, we first introduce Dual-Branch Frequency-Spatial Adaptive Fusion (DBFSAF) to enhance frequency diversity and adaptively capture frequency-spatial domain discriminative representations. Building on these representations, a frequency-spatial interaction scheme is further explored within the hybrid encoder to enable progressive feature propagation to the decoder. In particular, structure-aware frequency-spatial aggregation is achieved through Shunt Frequency-Spatial Feature Fusion (SFS-FF), establishing bidirectional interaction and progressive cross-scale propagation between frequency and spatial representations for coherent discriminative modeling. Meanwhile, informative high-frequency responses are preserved during scale transitions through Frequency-Spatial Dynamic Downsampling (FSD-Down), thereby minimizing frequency degradation throughout multi-scale fusion for the precise SOD. Experimental results demonstrate that FSDC-DETR achieves state-of-the-art performance, improving AP by 6.4 on VisDrone-DET2019 and 6.6 on AITODv2, with gains of 6.8 and 6.9 AP for small objects. The code is available at github.com/nevereverinsomnia/FSDC-DETR.

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