Fault-tolerant quantum computing with a microwave Cat Bus

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2608.01111v1
• Date: Sun, 02 Aug 2026 09:16:10 GMT
• Title: Fault-tolerant quantum computing with a microwave Cat Bus
• Abstract summary: Rydberg atoms are resonantly entangled through a microwave Cat Bus''<n>Cat Bus supports parallelized execution of one-to-many $mathrmCZn$ gates with exponentially suppressed crosstalk.<n>For fault-tolerant operation, we develop a hardware-aware scheduling scheme that exploits the native cat--atom $mathrmCZn$ gate.
• Score: 11.420387564717707
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: The scalability of fault-tolerant neutral-atom quantum computers is constrained by the latency of shuttling with optical tweezers, imposing a stringent trade-off between qubit overhead and circuit depth in quantum algorithm compilation. Here we propose a hardware-efficient, shuttling-free architecture that achieves all-to-all connectivity. Remote Rydberg atoms are resonantly entangled through a microwave ``Cat Bus''---a cavity mode autonomously stabilized in a bosonic cat state. The Cat Bus natively supports the highly parallelized execution of one-to-many $\mathrm{CZ}^n$ gates with exponentially suppressed crosstalk. We derive the resulting cat--atom error channel from the underlying interactions and physical constraints. For fault-tolerant operation, we develop a hardware-aware scheduling scheme that exploits the native cat--atom $\mathrm{CZ}^{n}$ gate to construct a syndrome-extraction circuit with minimum depth. We benchmark the architecture using hypergraph-product (HGP) codes and estimate a 180-fold reduction in syndrome-extraction cycle time at $N=10^5$ data qubits compared with an atom-rearrangement-based architecture. Under matched two-qubit depolarizing noise, the corresponding error threshold increases from $0.55\%$ to $0.72\%$. Under the hardware-derived error model, we obtain a threshold of $0.80\%$, corresponding to a threshold cooperativity of $C_{\mathrm{th}}=7.8 \times 10^4$, compatible with experimentally accessible parameters for Rydberg-coupled microwave-cavity systems. By avoiding atom transport, the Cat Bus provides a route towards high-speed, fault-tolerant neutral-atom quantum computation.

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