UniScale: Arbitrary-Scale Industrial Anomaly Generation

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2608.07864v2
• Date: Tue, 11 Aug 2026 02:21:17 GMT
• Title: UniScale: Arbitrary-Scale Industrial Anomaly Generation
• Abstract summary: We introduce UniScale, a unified training and inference framework for high-fidelity industrial anomaly generation across arbitrary scales.<n>During training, we introduce an Error-Suppressed Multi-Scale Training (EMT) strategy, which enables the model to learn the rich location-aware textures of anomalies.<n>For inference, we propose Generation-then-Fusion Denoising. It decouples anomaly generation from background integration, preventing small anomalies from being overwhelmed.
• Score: 5.299519624016253
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: Industrial anomaly inspection faces a major challenge due to the lack of real-world anomaly samples. While generative models are used to create anomaly data, existing methods still struggle when handling small-scale anomalies. This failure occurs because extreme downsampling in diffusion models causes the information of small anomalies to be lost in the latent space. To address this, we introduce UniScale, a unified training and inference framework for high-fidelity industrial anomaly generation across arbitrary scales. During training, we introduce an Error-Suppressed Multi-Scale Training (EMT) strategy, which enables the model to learn the rich location-aware textures of anomalies, while suppressing upsampling-induced interpolation errors in texture acquisition, ensuring the model is capable of learning small-scale anomalies, while remaining effective for regular scale anomalies. For inference, we propose Generation-then-Fusion Denoising. It decouples anomaly generation from background integration, preventing small anomalies from being overwhelmed. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our method outperforms state-of-the-art competitors in both anomaly generation quality and downstream detection performance. It achieves a relative IS(a) improvement of 45.86% (from 1.81 to 2.64) on VisA and 37.70% (from 1.22 to 1.68) on MVTec AD 2, while also improving the downstream pixel-level IoU by 4.22% on VisA and AUROC by 6.55% on MVTec AD 2. Code is available at https://github.com/HUST-SLOW/UniScale.

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