Gate-based emulation of boson sampling using photonic qubits

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2608.09509v1
• Date: Mon, 10 Aug 2026 12:13:38 GMT
• Title: Gate-based emulation of boson sampling using photonic qubits
• Abstract summary: Boson sampling arising from multiphoton interference in linear-optical networks is a prominent non-universal model for quantum computation.<n>We present a scalable quantum-circuit framework for simulating boson sampling on a universal quantum computing platform.
• Score: 5.932899952059781
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: Boson sampling arising from multiphoton interference in linear-optical networks is a prominent non-universal model for quantum computation. Here, by encoding the multi-qubit state to bosonic Fock state, we present a scalable quantum-circuit framework for simulating boson sampling on a universal quantum computing platform. Beginning with balanced beam-splitter transformations on the single- and two-photon sectors, we derive equivalent quantum-circuit implementations and unify them within a common Hilbert-space representation using an ancilla-assisted encoding. This construction is then generalized to arbitrary interferometers by replacing each optical beam splitter with a repeating quantum-circuit unit that selectively acts only within the relevant local interference subspace, requiring $N+1$ qubits for a two-photon $N$-mode interferometer and a linear-overhead subspace-identification procedure. Using this framework, gate-based quantum circuit for a four-mode boson-sampling circuit is developed and experimentally implemented on a four-qubit gate-based photonic qubit system. The qubit framework for emulating boson sampling of $n-$photons in $m-$mode will be useful to solve a broad class of sampling complexity problem on a gate-based quantum computers.

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