Ancilla mediated steady-state engineering in open quantum systems

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2609.04905v1
• Date: Fri, 04 Sep 2026 09:07:30 GMT
• Title: Ancilla mediated steady-state engineering in open quantum systems
• Abstract summary: We introduce a platform in which ancilla qubit mediates the coupling of a target system to a reservoir.<n>We experimentally demonstrate conventional thermalization and also realize anti-thermalization.<n>We utilize the nuclear spin as a quantum battery, achieving a steady-state ergotropy exceeding $70%$ of the theoretical maximum.
• Score: 0.1308443849364265
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: Engineering the properties of a reservoir and its coupling to a quantum system is a powerful tool for simulating quantum thermodynamic processes and for generating otherwise inaccessible steady states. Yet tailoring both the reservoir and its coupling within a single platform remains challenging. Here we introduce a platform, in which an ancilla qubit mediates the coupling of a target system to a reservoir, providing independent control over the interaction form, coupling strength, and effective reservoir temperature. Our implementation uses the electron spin of a single nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond as the ancilla and a proximal $^{13}$C nuclear spin as the target. By alternating engineered unitary interactions with dissipative ancilla resets, we realize dynamics naturally described by a collision model, enabling straight-forward tracking of the work, heat, coherence, and entropy generated at every collision. We experimentally demonstrate conventional thermalization and also realize anti-thermalization: the stabilization of the target system in a temperature opposite to that of its reservoir. Finally, harnessing this steady-state engineering, we utilize the nuclear spin as a quantum battery, achieving a steady-state ergotropy exceeding $70\%$ of the theoretical maximum.

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