UniRRM: Unified Reasoning Reward Models Across Languages and Evaluation Paradigms

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2609.05910v1
• Date: Sat, 05 Sep 2026 06:05:12 GMT
• Title: UniRRM: Unified Reasoning Reward Models Across Languages and Evaluation Paradigms
• Abstract summary: Reinforcement learning (RL) excels on tasks with verifiable rewards, but in open-ended tasks, the reliability of reward models remains a key challenge.<n>Recent works on generative reward models offer a promising alternative, but they remain constrained by static evaluation criteria, fragmented evaluation paradigms, and limited multilingual support.<n>We propose textbfUniRRM, a unified reasoning reward model supporting multiple languages and evaluation paradigms.
• Score: 61.47798381713363
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
• Abstract: Reinforcement learning (RL) excels on tasks with verifiable rewards, but in open-ended tasks, the reliability of reward models remains a key challenge. Existing solutions either depend on costly proprietary LLM-as-a-Judge systems or opaque scalar reward models that lack interpretability. Recent works on generative reward models offer a promising alternative, but they remain constrained by static evaluation criteria, fragmented evaluation paradigms, and limited multilingual support. To address these challenges, we introduce \textbf{MixReward}, a large-scale multilingual dataset spanning six domains and 103 languages, containing both pairwise and listwise data, and propose \textbf{UniRRM}, a unified reasoning reward model supporting multiple languages and evaluation paradigms. UniRRM uses a staged reasoning chain to dynamically generate task-generic and instruction-specific criteria, enabling fine-grained, input-adaptive judgments while maintaining consistency across languages. Experiments demonstrate that UniRRM-8B and UniRRM-14B achieve performance close to the state-of-the-art for models of comparable size across multiple benchmarks, and are effective for unseen evaluation paradigms. In addition, ablation studies validate the reliability and effectiveness of UniRRM.

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