Fault-Tolerant Operation of a Quantum Error-Correction Code

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2009.11482v2
• Date: Thu, 7 Jan 2021 18:52:27 GMT
• Title: Fault-Tolerant Operation of a Quantum Error-Correction Code
• Authors: Laird Egan, Dripto M. Debroy, Crystal Noel, Andrew Risinger, Daiwei Zhu, Debopriyo Biswas, Michael Newman, Muyuan Li, Kenneth R. Brown, Marko Cetina, Christopher Monroe
• Abstract summary: Quantum error correction protects fragile quantum information by encoding it into a larger quantum system. Fault-tolerant circuits contain the spread of errors while operating the logical qubit. We show that fault-tolerant circuits enable highly accurate logical primitives in current quantum systems.
• Score: 1.835073691235972
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: Quantum error correction protects fragile quantum information by encoding it into a larger quantum system. These extra degrees of freedom enable the detection and correction of errors, but also increase the operational complexity of the encoded logical qubit. Fault-tolerant circuits contain the spread of errors while operating the logical qubit, and are essential for realizing error suppression in practice. While fault-tolerant design works in principle, it has not previously been demonstrated in an error-corrected physical system with native noise characteristics. In this work, we experimentally demonstrate fault-tolerant preparation, measurement, rotation, and stabilizer measurement of a Bacon-Shor logical qubit using 13 trapped ion qubits. When we compare these fault-tolerant protocols to non-fault tolerant protocols, we see significant reductions in the error rates of the logical primitives in the presence of noise. The result of fault-tolerant design is an average state preparation and measurement error of 0.6% and a Clifford gate error of 0.3% after error correction. Additionally, we prepare magic states with fidelities exceeding the distillation threshold, demonstrating all of the key single-qubit ingredients required for universal fault-tolerant operation. These results demonstrate that fault-tolerant circuits enable highly accurate logical primitives in current quantum systems. With improved two-qubit gates and the use of intermediate measurements, a stabilized logical qubit can be achieved.

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