Femtotesla direct magnetic gradiometer using a single multipass cell

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2009.13212v2
• Date: Thu, 21 Jan 2021 11:32:35 GMT
• Title: Femtotesla direct magnetic gradiometer using a single multipass cell
• Authors: V. G. Lucivero, W. Lee, N. Dural and M. V. Romalis
• Abstract summary: We describe a direct gradiometer using optical pumping with opposite circular polarization in two $87$Rb atomic ensembles within a single multipass cell. A far-detuned probe laser undergoes a near-zero paramagnetic Faraday rotation due to the intrinsic subtraction of two contributions exceeding 3.5 rad from the highly-polarized ensembles.
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• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: We describe a direct gradiometer using optical pumping with opposite circular polarization in two $^{87}$Rb atomic ensembles within a single multipass cell. A far-detuned probe laser undergoes a near-zero paramagnetic Faraday rotation due to the intrinsic subtraction of two contributions exceeding 3.5 rad from the highly-polarized ensembles. We develop analysis methods for the direct gradiometer signal and measure a gradiometer sensitivity of $10.1$ fT/cm$\sqrt{\mathrm{Hz}}$. We also demonstrate that our multipass design, in addition to increasing the optical depth, provides a fundamental advantage due to the significantly reduced effect of atomic diffusion on the spin noise time-correlation, in excellent agreement with theoretical estimate.

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