Femtotesla nearly quantum-noise-limited pulsed gradiometer at Earth-scale fields

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2112.09004v1
• Date: Thu, 16 Dec 2021 16:39:11 GMT
• Title: Femtotesla nearly quantum-noise-limited pulsed gradiometer at Earth-scale fields
• Authors: V. G. Lucivero, W. Lee, M. V. Romalis, M. E. Limes, E. L. Foley, T. W. Kornack
• Abstract summary: We describe a finite fields magnetic gradiometer using an intense pulsed laser to polarize a $87$Rb atomic ensemble and a compact VCSEL probe laser to detect paramagnetic rotation in a single multipass cell.
• Score: 0.0
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: We describe a finite fields magnetic gradiometer using an intense pulsed laser to polarize a $^{87}$Rb atomic ensemble and a compact VCSEL probe laser to detect paramagnetic Faraday rotation in a single multipass cell. We report differential magnetic sensitivity of $14$ fT/Hz$^{1/2}$ over a broad dynamic range including Earth's field magnitude and common-mode rejection ratio higher than $10^4$. We also observe a nearly quantum-noise-limited behaviour of the gradiometer, by comparing the experimental standard deviation of the estimated frequency difference against the Cram\'{e}r-Rao lower bound in the presence of white photon shot-noise, atomic spin noise and atomic diffusion.

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