Saving superconducting quantum processors from qubit decay and correlated errors generated by gamma and cosmic rays

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2012.06137v3
• Date: Tue, 6 Apr 2021 02:06:26 GMT
• Title: Saving superconducting quantum processors from qubit decay and correlated errors generated by gamma and cosmic rays
• Authors: John M. Martinis
• Abstract summary: Error-corrected quantum computers can only work if errors are small and uncorrelated. I show how cosmic rays or stray background radiation affects superconducting qubits by modeling the phonon to electron/quasiparticle down-conversion physics.
• Score: 0.0
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: Error-corrected quantum computers can only work if errors are small and uncorrelated. Here I show how cosmic rays or stray background radiation affects superconducting qubits by modeling the phonon to electron/quasiparticle down-conversion physics. For present designs, the model predicts about 57\% of the radiation energy breaks Cooper pairs into quasiparticles, which then vigorously suppress the qubit energy relaxation time ($T_1 \sim$ 160 ns) over a large area (cm) and for a long time (ms). Such large and correlated decay kills error correction. Using this quantitative model, I show how this energy can be channeled away from the qubit so that this error mechanism can be reduced by many orders of magnitude. I also comment on how this affects other solid-state qubits.

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