Prediction of the Position of External Markers Using a Recurrent Neural
Network Trained With Unbiased Online Recurrent Optimization for Safe Lung
Cancer Radiotherapy
- URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2106.01100v1
- Date: Wed, 2 Jun 2021 12:07:31 GMT
- Title: Prediction of the Position of External Markers Using a Recurrent Neural
Network Trained With Unbiased Online Recurrent Optimization for Safe Lung
Cancer Radiotherapy
- Authors: Michel Pohl, Mitsuru Uesaka, Hiroyuki Takahashi, Kazuyuki Demachi and
Ritu Bhusal Chhatkuli
- Abstract summary: During lung cancer radiotherapy, the position of infrared reflective objects on the chest can be recorded to estimate the tumor location.
Not taking this phenomenon into account may cause unwanted damage to healthy tissues and lead to side effects such as radiation pneumonitis.
We use nine observation records of the three-dimensional position of three external markers on the chest and abdomen of healthy individuals breathing during intervals from 73s to 222s.
We forecast the location of each marker simultaneously with a horizon value (the time interval in advance for which the prediction is made) between 0.1s and 2.0s, using a recurrent neural network (RNN)
- Score: 0.0
- License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Abstract: During lung cancer radiotherapy, the position of infrared reflective objects
on the chest can be recorded to estimate the tumor location. However,
radiotherapy systems usually have a latency inherent to robot control
limitations that impedes the radiation delivery precision. Not taking this
phenomenon into account may cause unwanted damage to healthy tissues and lead
to side effects such as radiation pneumonitis. In this research, we use nine
observation records of the three-dimensional position of three external markers
on the chest and abdomen of healthy individuals breathing during intervals from
73s to 222s. The sampling frequency is equal to 10Hz and the amplitudes of the
recorded trajectories range from 6mm to 40mm in the superior-inferior
direction. We forecast the location of each marker simultaneously with a
horizon value (the time interval in advance for which the prediction is made)
between 0.1s and 2.0s, using a recurrent neural network (RNN) trained with
unbiased online recurrent optimization (UORO). We compare its performance with
an RNN trained with real-time recurrent learning, least mean squares (LMS), and
offline linear regression. Training and cross-validation are performed during
the first minute of each sequence. On average, UORO achieves the lowest
root-mean-square (RMS) and maximum error, equal respectively to 1.3mm and
8.8mm, with a prediction time per time step lower than 2.8ms (Dell Intel core
i9-9900K 3.60Ghz). Linear regression has the lowest RMS error for the horizon
values 0.1s and 0.2s, followed by LMS for horizon values between 0.3s and 0.5s,
and UORO for horizon values greater than 0.6s.
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