Performance of a Kinetic-Inductance Traveling-Wave Parametric Amplifier at 4 Kelvin: Toward an Alternative to Semiconductor Amplifiers

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2110.08142v1
• Date: Fri, 15 Oct 2021 15:15:55 GMT
• Title: Performance of a Kinetic-Inductance Traveling-Wave Parametric Amplifier at 4 Kelvin: Toward an Alternative to Semiconductor Amplifiers
• Authors: M. Malnou and J. Aumentado and M. R. Vissers and J. D. Wheeler and J. Hubmayr and J. N. Ullom and J. Gao
• Abstract summary: We present an amplification chain consisting of a kinetic-inductance traveling-wave parametric amplifier (KI-TWPA) placed at 4 K. We find the KI-TWPA's performance limited by the temperature of its inputs, and by an excess of noise. These combined noise and power dissipation values pave the way for the KI-TWPA's use as a replacement for semiconductor amplifiers.
• Score: 0.0
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: Most microwave readout architectures in quantum computing or sensing rely on a semiconductor amplifier at 4 K, typically a high-electron mobility transistor (HEMT). Despite its remarkable noise performance, a conventional HEMT dissipates several milliwatts of power, posing a practical challenge to scale up the number of qubits or sensors addressed in these architectures. As an alternative, we present an amplification chain consisting of a kinetic-inductance traveling-wave parametric amplifier (KI-TWPA) placed at 4 K, followed by a HEMT placed at 70 K, and demonstrate a chain-added noise $T_\Sigma = 6.3\pm0.5$ K between 3.5 and 5.5 GHz. While, in principle, any parametric amplifier can be quantum limited even at 4 K, in practice we find the KI-TWPA's performance limited by the temperature of its inputs, and by an excess of noise $T_\mathrm{ex} = 1.9$ K. The dissipation of the KI-TWPA's rf pump constitutes the main power load at 4 K and is about one percent that of a HEMT. These combined noise and power dissipation values pave the way for the KI-TWPA's use as a replacement for semiconductor amplifiers.

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