Quantum Lock: A Provable Quantum Communication Advantage

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2110.09469v4
• Date: Fri, 12 May 2023 17:48:06 GMT
• Title: Quantum Lock: A Provable Quantum Communication Advantage
• Authors: Kaushik Chakraborty, Mina Doosti, Yao Ma, Chirag Wadhwa, Myrto Arapinis and Elham Kashefi
• Abstract summary: This paper proposes a generic design of provably secure PUFs, called hybrid locked PUFs(HLPUFs) An HLPUF uses a classical PUF, and encodes the output into non-orthogonal quantum states to hide the outcomes of the underlying CPUF from any adversary. We show that by exploiting non-classical properties of quantum states, the HLPUF allows the server to reuse the challenge-response pairs for further client authentication.
• Score: 2.9562795446317964
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: Physical unclonable functions(PUFs) provide a unique fingerprint to a physical entity by exploiting the inherent physical randomness. Gao et al. discussed the vulnerability of most current-day PUFs to sophisticated machine learning-based attacks. We address this problem by integrating classical PUFs and existing quantum communication technology. Specifically, this paper proposes a generic design of provably secure PUFs, called hybrid locked PUFs(HLPUFs), providing a practical solution for securing classical PUFs. An HLPUF uses a classical PUF(CPUF), and encodes the output into non-orthogonal quantum states to hide the outcomes of the underlying CPUF from any adversary. Here we introduce a quantum lock to protect the HLPUFs from any general adversaries. The indistinguishability property of the non-orthogonal quantum states, together with the quantum lockdown technique prevents the adversary from accessing the outcome of the CPUFs. Moreover, we show that by exploiting non-classical properties of quantum states, the HLPUF allows the server to reuse the challenge-response pairs for further client authentication. This result provides an efficient solution for running PUF-based client authentication for an extended period while maintaining a small-sized challenge-response pairs database on the server side. Later, we support our theoretical contributions by instantiating the HLPUFs design using accessible real-world CPUFs. We use the optimal classical machine-learning attacks to forge both the CPUFs and HLPUFs, and we certify the security gap in our numerical simulation for construction which is ready for implementation.

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