Single-state multi-party semiquantum key agreement protocol based on multi-particle GHZ entangled states

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2112.05874v2
• Date: Sat, 30 Jul 2022 08:24:39 GMT
• Title: Single-state multi-party semiquantum key agreement protocol based on multi-particle GHZ entangled states
• Authors: Tian-Jie Xu, Ying Chen, Mao-Jie Geng, Tian-Yu Ye
• Abstract summary: We propose a single-state three-party semiquantum key agreement (SQKA) protocol with three-particle GHZ entangled states first. Detailed security analysis turns out that the proposed single-state three-party SQKA protocol is secure against several famous attacks from an outside eavesdropper.
• Score: 3.312385039704987
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: In this paper, we put forward a novel single-state three-party semiquantum key agreement (SQKA) protocol with three-particle GHZ entangled states first. Different with previous quantum key agreement (QKA) protocols, the proposed single-state three-party SQKA protocol can realize the goal that a quantum party and two classical parties who only possess limited quantum capabilities equally contribute to the generation of a shared private key over quantum channels. Detailed security analysis turns out that the proposed single-state three-party SQKA protocol is secure against several famous attacks from an outside eavesdropper, such as the Trojan horse attack, the entangle-measure attack, the measure-resend attack and the intercept-resend attack. Moreover, it can resist the participant attack, which means that the shared private key cannot be determined fully by any nontrivial subset of three parties. The proposed single-state three-party SQKA protocol has the following nice features: (1) it only employs one kind of three-particle GHZ entangled states as initial quantum resource; (2) it doesn't need pre-shared keys among different parties; (3) it doesn't need unitary operations or quantum entanglement swapping. Finally, we generalize the proposed single-state three-party SQKA protocol into the case of N-party by only employing one kind of N-particle GHZ entangled states as initial quantum resource, which inherits the nice features of its three-party counterpart.

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