Choosing an Appropriate Platform and Workflow for Processing Camera Trap
Data using Artificial Intelligence
- URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2202.02283v1
- Date: Fri, 4 Feb 2022 18:13:09 GMT
- Title: Choosing an Appropriate Platform and Workflow for Processing Camera Trap
Data using Artificial Intelligence
- Authors: Juliana V\'elez, Paula J. Castiblanco-Camacho, Michael A. Tabak, Carl
Chalmers, Paul Fergus and John Fieberg
- Abstract summary: Camera traps have transformed how ecologists study wildlife species distributions, activity patterns, and interspecific interactions.
The potential of Artificial Intelligence (AI), specifically Deep Learning (DL), to process camera-trap data has gained considerable attention.
Using DL for these applications involves training algorithms, such as Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to automatically detect objects and classify species.
- Score: 0.18350044465969417
- License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
- Abstract: Camera traps have transformed how ecologists study wildlife species
distributions, activity patterns, and interspecific interactions. Although
camera traps provide a cost-effective method for monitoring species, the time
required for data processing can limit survey efficiency. Thus, the potential
of Artificial Intelligence (AI), specifically Deep Learning (DL), to process
camera-trap data has gained considerable attention. Using DL for these
applications involves training algorithms, such as Convolutional Neural
Networks (CNNs), to automatically detect objects and classify species. To
overcome technical challenges associated with training CNNs, several research
communities have recently developed platforms that incorporate DL in
easy-to-use interfaces. We review key characteristics of four AI-powered
platforms --Wildlife Insights (WI), MegaDetector (MD), Machine Learning for
Wildlife Image Classification (MLWIC2), and Conservation AI-- including data
management tools and AI features. We also provide R code in an open-source
GitBook, to demonstrate how users can evaluate model performance, and
incorporate AI output in semi-automated workflows. We found that species
classifications from WI and MLWIC2 generally had low recall values (animals
that were present in the images often were not classified to the correct
species). Yet, the precision of WI and MLWIC2 classifications for some species
was high (i.e., when classifications were made, they were generally accurate).
MD, which classifies images using broader categories (e.g., "blank" or
"animal"), also performed well. Thus, we conclude that, although species
classifiers were not accurate enough to automate image processing, DL could be
used to improve efficiencies by accepting classifications with high confidence
values for certain species or by filtering images containing blanks.
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