On scientific understanding with artificial intelligence
- URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2204.01467v1
- Date: Mon, 4 Apr 2022 13:45:13 GMT
- Title: On scientific understanding with artificial intelligence
- Authors: Mario Krenn, Robert Pollice, Si Yue Guo, Matteo Aldeghi, Alba
Cervera-Lierta, Pascal Friederich, Gabriel dos Passos Gomes, Florian H\"ase,
Adrian Jinich, AkshatKumar Nigam, Zhenpeng Yao, Al\'an Aspuru-Guzik
- Abstract summary: We seek advice from the philosophy of science to understand scientific understanding.
Then we collect dozens of anecdotes from scientists about how they acquired new conceptual understanding with the help of computers.
For each dimension, we explain new avenues to push beyond the status quo.
- Score: 2.2911874889696775
- License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Abstract: Imagine an oracle that correctly predicts the outcome of every particle
physics experiment, the products of every chemical reaction, or the function of
every protein. Such an oracle would revolutionize science and technology as we
know them. However, as scientists, we would not be satisfied with the oracle
itself. We want more. We want to comprehend how the oracle conceived these
predictions. This feat, denoted as scientific understanding, has frequently
been recognized as the essential aim of science. Now, the ever-growing power of
computers and artificial intelligence poses one ultimate question: How can
advanced artificial systems contribute to scientific understanding or achieve
it autonomously?
We are convinced that this is not a mere technical question but lies at the
core of science. Therefore, here we set out to answer where we are and where we
can go from here. We first seek advice from the philosophy of science to
understand scientific understanding. Then we review the current state of the
art, both from literature and by collecting dozens of anecdotes from scientists
about how they acquired new conceptual understanding with the help of
computers. Those combined insights help us to define three dimensions of
android-assisted scientific understanding: The android as a I) computational
microscope, II) resource of inspiration and the ultimate, not yet existent III)
agent of understanding. For each dimension, we explain new avenues to push
beyond the status quo and unleash the full power of artificial intelligence's
contribution to the central aim of science. We hope our perspective inspires
and focuses research towards androids that get new scientific understanding and
ultimately bring us closer to true artificial scientists.
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