Condensation and thermalization of an easy-plane ferromagnet in a spinor Bose gas

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2205.06188v1
• Date: Thu, 12 May 2022 16:18:49 GMT
• Title: Condensation and thermalization of an easy-plane ferromagnet in a spinor Bose gas
• Authors: Maximilian Pr\"ufer, Daniel Spitz, Stefan Lannig, Helmut Strobel, J\"urgen Berges, Markus K. Oberthaler
• Abstract summary: We study the thermalization of an easy-plane ferromagnet employing a homogeneous one-dimensional spinor Bose gas. We reveal the structure of the emergent quasi-particles: one'massive'(Higgs) mode, and two'massless' (Goldstone) modes.
• Score: 0.0
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: The extensive control of spin makes spintronics a promising candidate for future scalable quantum devices. For the generation of spin-superfluid systems, a detailed understanding of the build-up of coherence and relaxation is necessary. However, to determine the relevant parameters for robust coherence properties and faithfully witnessing thermalization, the direct access to space- and time-resolved spin observables is needed. Here, we study the thermalization of an easy-plane ferromagnet employing a homogeneous one-dimensional spinor Bose gas. Building on the pristine control of preparation and readout we demonstrate the dynamic emergence of long-range coherence for the spin field and verify spin-superfluidity by experimentally testing Landau's criterion. We reveal the structure of the emergent quasi-particles: one 'massive'(Higgs) mode, and two 'massless' (Goldstone) modes - a consequence of explicit and spontaneous symmetry breaking, respectively. Our experiments allow for the first time to observe the thermalization of an easy-plane ferromagnetic Bose gas; we find agreement for the relevant momentum-resolved observables with a thermal prediction obtained from an underlying microscopic model within the Bogoliubov approximation. Our methods and results pave the way towards a quantitative understanding of condensation dynamics in large magnetic spin systems and the study of the role of entanglement and topological excitations for its thermalization.

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