Optical magnetism and wavefront control by arrays of strontium atoms
- URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2205.07738v2
- Date: Tue, 16 Aug 2022 16:52:03 GMT
- Title: Optical magnetism and wavefront control by arrays of strontium atoms
- Authors: K. E. Ballantine, D. Wilkowski, and J. Ruostekoski
- Abstract summary: We show how bosonic Sr atoms in planar optical lattices can be engineered to exhibit optical magnetism.
We provide a detailed scheme to utilize excitations of such cooperative modes to form an atomic Huygens' surface.
- Score: 0.0
- License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Abstract: By analyzing the parameters of electronic transitions, we show how bosonic Sr
atoms in planar optical lattices can be engineered to exhibit optical magnetism
and other higher-order electromagnetic multipoles that can be harnessed for
wavefront control of incident light. Resonant $\lambda\simeq 2.6\mu$m light for
the $^3D_1\rightarrow {^3}P_0$ transition mediates cooperative interactions
between the atoms while the atoms are trapped in a deeply subwavelength optical
lattice. The atoms then exhibit collective excitation eigenmodes, e.g., with a
strong cooperative magnetic response at optical frequencies, despite individual
atoms having negligible coupling to the magnetic component of light. We provide
a detailed scheme to utilize excitations of such cooperative modes consisting
of arrays of electromagnetic multipoles to form an atomic Huygens' surface,
with complete $2\pi$ phase control of transmitted light and almost no
reflection, allowing nearly arbitrary wavefront shaping. In the numerical
examples, this is achieved by controlling the atomic level shifts of Sr with
off-resonant ${^3P}_J\rightarrow {^3D}_1$ transitions, which results in a
simultaneous excitation of arrays of electric dipoles and electric quadrupoles
or magnetic dipoles. We demonstrate the wavefront engineering for a Sr array by
realizing the steering of an incident beam and generation of a baby-Skyrmion
texture in the transmitted light via a topologically nontrivial transition of a
Gaussian beam to a Poincar\'{e} beam, which contains all possible polarizations
in a single cross-section.
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