Realistic scheme for quantum simulation of $\mathbb{Z}_2$ lattice gauge theories with dynamical matter in $(2+1)$D

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2205.08541v2
• Date: Tue, 6 Jun 2023 00:32:52 GMT
• Title: Realistic scheme for quantum simulation of $\mathbb{Z}_2$ lattice gauge theories with dynamical matter in $(2+1)$D
• Authors: Lukas Homeier, Annabelle Bohrdt, Simon Linsel, Eugene Demler, Jad C. Halimeh and Fabian Grusdt
• Abstract summary: We propose a realistic scheme for Rydberg atom array experiments in which a $mathbbZ$ gauge structure with dynamical charges emerges on experimentally relevant timescales. We discuss ground-state phase diagrams of the experimentally most effective $mathbbZ$ lattice gauge theories with dynamical matter. We present selected probes with immediate relevance, including signatures of disorder-free localization and a thermal deconfinement transition of two charges.
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• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: Gauge fields coupled to dynamical matter are ubiquitous in many disciplines of physics, ranging from particle to condensed matter physics, but their implementation in large-scale quantum simulators remains challenging. Here we propose a realistic scheme for Rydberg atom array experiments in which a $\mathbb{Z}_2$ gauge structure with dynamical charges emerges on experimentally relevant timescales from only local two-body interactions and one-body terms in two spatial dimensions. The scheme enables the experimental study of a variety of models, including $(2+1)$D $\mathbb{Z}_2$ lattice gauge theories coupled to different types of dynamical matter and quantum dimer models on the honeycomb lattice, for which we derive effective Hamiltonians. We discuss ground-state phase diagrams of the experimentally most relevant effective $\mathbb{Z}_2$ lattice gauge theories with dynamical matter featuring various confined and deconfined, quantum spin liquid phases. Further, we present selected probes with immediate experimental relevance, including signatures of disorder-free localization and a thermal deconfinement transition of two charges.

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