Comparison of Noise Temperature of Rydberg-Atom and Electronic Microwave Receivers

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2209.00908v2
• Date: Mon, 24 Oct 2022 13:49:24 GMT
• Title: Comparison of Noise Temperature of Rydberg-Atom and Electronic Microwave Receivers
• Authors: Gabriel Santamaria-Botello, Shane Verploegh, Eric Bottomley, Zoya Popovic
• Abstract summary: We show that conventional room-temperature electronic receivers greatly outperform the best demonstrated sensitivities of room-temperature Rydberg electrometers. Rydberg-atom receivers can surpass the sensitivity of conventional receivers if resonant or confining microwave structures are designed to enhance the electric fields sensed by the atoms.
• Score: 0.0
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: Microwave receivers using electromagnetically-induced transparency (EIT) in Rydberg atoms have recently demonstrated improved sensitivities. It is not evident how their state-of-the-art electric field sensitivities compare to those achieved using standard electronic receivers consisting of low-noise amplifiers (LNAs) and mixers. In this paper, we show that conventional room-temperature electronic receivers greatly outperform the best demonstrated sensitivities of room-temperature Rydberg electrometers in standard free-space coupled configurations. However, Rydberg-atom receivers can surpass the sensitivity of conventional receivers if resonant or confining microwave structures are designed to enhance the electric fields sensed by the atoms. For a given microwave resonator, the external (coupling) quality factor must be carefully chosen to minimize their thermal and quantum noise contributions. Closed-form expressions for these optimal design points are found, and compared in terms of noise temperature with conventional LNAs reported in the literature from 600 MHz to 330 GHz.

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