Approaching the standard quantum limit of a Rydberg-atom microwave
electrometer
- URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2307.15617v3
- Date: Mon, 13 Nov 2023 08:12:54 GMT
- Title: Approaching the standard quantum limit of a Rydberg-atom microwave
electrometer
- Authors: Hai-Tao Tu, Kai-Yu Liao, Guo-Dong He, Yi-Fei Zhu, Si-Yuan Qiu, Hao
Jiang, Wei Huang, Wu Bian, Hui Yan, Shi-Liang Zhu
- Abstract summary: The Rydberg electrometer has garnered considerable attention due to its exceptional sensitivity, small-size, and broad tunability.
The advanced Rydberg-atom microwave electrometer falls considerably short of the standard quantum limit by over three orders of magnitude.
Our study achieves an electric-field sensitivity of 10.0 nV/cm/Hz1/2 at a 100 Hz repetition rate, reaching a factor of 2.6 above the standard quantum limit and a minimum detectable field of 540 pV/cm.
- Score: 12.248913975876139
- License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
- Abstract: The development of a microwave electrometer with inherent uncertainty
approaching its ultimate limit carries both fundamental and technological
significance. Recently, the Rydberg electrometer has garnered considerable
attention due to its exceptional sensitivity, small-size, and broad tunability.
This specific quantum sensor utilizes low-entropy laser beams to detect
disturbances in atomic internal states, thereby circumventing the intrinsic
thermal noise encountered by its classical counterparts. However, due to the
thermal motion of atoms, the advanced Rydberg-atom microwave electrometer falls
considerably short of the standard quantum limit by over three orders of
magnitude. In this study, we utilize an optically thin medium with
approximately 5.2e5 laser-cooled atoms to implement heterodyne detection. By
mitigating a variety of noises and strategically optimizing the parameters of
the Rydberg electrometer, our study achieves an electric-field sensitivity of
10.0 nV/cm/Hz^1/2 at a 100 Hz repetition rate, reaching a factor of 2.6 above
the standard quantum limit and a minimum detectable field of 540 pV/cm. We also
provide an in-depth analysis of noise mechanisms and determine optimal
parameters to bolster the performance of Rydberg-atom sensors. Our work
provides insights into the inherent capacities and limitations of Rydberg
electrometers, while offering superior sensitivity for detecting weak microwave
signals in numerous applications.
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