Quantum metrology of low frequency electromagnetic modes with frequency upconverters

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2210.05576v2
• Date: Fri, 12 Jul 2024 16:57:21 GMT
• Title: Quantum metrology of low frequency electromagnetic modes with frequency upconverters
• Authors: Stephen E. Kuenstner, Elizabeth C. van Assendelft, Saptarshi Chaudhuri, Hsiao-Mei Cho, Jason Corbin, Shawn W. Henderson, Fedja Kadribasic, Dale Li, Arran Phipps, Nicholas M. Rapidis, Maria Simanovskaia, Jyotirmai Singh, Cyndia Yu, Kent D. Irwin,
• Abstract summary: The RQU uses a Josephson interferometer made up of superconducting loops and Josephson junctions to implement a parametric interaction between a low-frequency electromagnetic mode and a mode in the microwave C Band. We analyze RQU performance with quantum amplifier theory, and show that the RQU can operate as a quantum-limited op-amp in this frequency range. We demonstrate signal upconversion from low frequencies to microwave C band using an RQU and show a phase-sensitive gain (extinction ratio) of $46.9$;dB, which is a necessary step towards the realization of full BAE.
• Score: 0.0
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: We present the RF Quantum Upconverter (RQU) and describe its application to quantum metrology of electromagnetic modes between dc and the Very High Frequency band (VHF) ($\lesssim$300MHz). The RQU uses a Josephson interferometer made up of superconducting loops and Josephson junctions to implement a parametric interaction between a low-frequency electromagnetic mode (between dc and VHF) and a mode in the microwave C Band ($\sim$ 5GHz), analogous to the radiation pressure interaction between electromagnetic and mechanical modes in cavity optomechanics. We analyze RQU performance with quantum amplifier theory, and show that the RQU can operate as a quantum-limited op-amp in this frequency range. It can also use non-classical measurement protocols equivalent to those used in cavity optomechanics, including back-action evading (BAE) measurements, sideband cooling, and two-mode squeezing. These protocols enable experiments using dc--VHF electromagnetic modes as quantum sensors with sensitivity better than the Standard Quantum Limit (SQL). We demonstrate signal upconversion from low frequencies to microwave C band using an RQU and show a phase-sensitive gain (extinction ratio) of $46.9$\;dB, which is a necessary step towards the realization of full BAE.

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