Recent Developments in Quantum-Circuit Refrigeration

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2111.11234v1
• Date: Mon, 22 Nov 2021 14:27:26 GMT
• Title: Recent Developments in Quantum-Circuit Refrigeration
• Authors: Timm Fabian M\"orstedt (1), Arto Viitanen (1), Vasilii Vadimov (1), Vasilii Sevriuk (2), Matti Partanen (2), Eric Hyypp\"a (2), Gianluigi Catelani (3 and 4), Matti Silveri (5), Kuan Yen Tan (2), Mikko M\"ott\"onen (1) ((1) QCD Labs, QTF Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, 00076 AALTO, Finland, (2) IQM, 02150 Espoo, Finland, (3) JARA Institute for Quantum Information (PGI-11), Forschungszentrum J\"ulich, 52425 J\"ulich, Germany, (4) Quantum Research Centre, Technology Innovation Institute, Abu Dhabi, UAE, (5) Nano and Molecular Systems Research Unit, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland)
• Abstract summary: In 2017, the invention of a quantum-circuit refrigerator inspired a series of experimental studies. Theoretically, it is predicted that state-of-the-art superconducting resonators and qubits can be reset with an infidelity lower than $10-4$ in nanoseconds. In the future, the QCR may be experimentally used to quickly reset superconducting qubits, and hence assist in the great challenge of building a practical quantum computer.
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• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: We review the recent progress in direct active cooling of the quantum-electric degrees freedom in engineered circuits, or quantum-circuit refrigeration. In 2017, the invention of a quantum-circuit refrigerator (QCR) based on photon-assisted tunneling of quasiparticles through a normal-metal--insulator--superconductor junction inspired a series of experimental studies demonstrating the following main properties: (i) the direct-current (dc) bias voltage of the junction can change the QCR-induced damping rate of a superconducting microwave resonator by orders of magnitude and give rise to non-trivial Lamb shifts, (ii) the damping rate can be controlled in nanosecond time scales, and (iii) the dc bias can be replaced by a microwave excitation, the amplitude of which controls the induced damping rate. Theoretically, it is predicted that state-of-the-art superconducting resonators and qubits can be reset with an infidelity lower than $10^{-4}$ in tens of nanoseconds using experimentally feasible parameters. A QCR-equipped resonator has also been demonstrated as an incoherent photon source with an output temperature above one kelvin yet operating at millikelvin. This source has been used to calibrate cryogenic amplification chains. In the future, the QCR may be experimentally used to quickly reset superconducting qubits, and hence assist in the great challenge of building a practical quantum computer.

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