Biasing the quantum vacuum to control macroscopic probability
distributions
- URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2303.03455v2
- Date: Mon, 24 Apr 2023 16:46:34 GMT
- Title: Biasing the quantum vacuum to control macroscopic probability
distributions
- Authors: Charles Roques-Carmes, Yannick Salamin, Jamison Sloan, Seou Choi,
Gustavo Velez, Ethan Koskas, Nicholas Rivera, Steven E. Kooi, John D.
Joannopoulos, Marin Soljacic
- Abstract summary: We show that the injection of vacuum-level "bias" fields into a multi-stable optical system enables a controllable source of "biased" quantum randomness.
We shed light on the physics behind this process, showing quantitative agreement between theory and experiment.
- Score: 1.8970998489527955
- License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
- Abstract: One of the most important insights of quantum field theory is that
electromagnetic fields must fluctuate. Even in the vacuum state, the electric
and magnetic fields have a nonzero variance, leading to ubiquitous effects such
as spontaneous emission, the Lamb shift, the Casimir effect, and more. These
"vacuum fluctuations" have also been harnessed as a source of perfect
randomness, for example to generate perfectly random photonic bits. Despite
these achievements, many potential applications of quantum randomness in fields
such as probabilistic computing rely on controllable probability distributions,
which have not yet been realized on photonic platforms. In this work, we show
that the injection of vacuum-level "bias" fields into a multi-stable optical
system enables a controllable source of "biased" quantum randomness. We
demonstrate this concept in an optical parametric oscillator (OPO). Ordinarily,
an OPO initiated from the ground state develops a signal field in one of two
degenerate phase states (0 and $\pi$) with equal probability. By injecting bias
pulses which contain less than one photon on average, we control the
probabilities associated with the two output states, leading to the first
controllable photonic probabilistic bit (p-bit). We shed light on the physics
behind this process, showing quantitative agreement between theory and
experiment. Finally, we demonstrate the potential of our approach for sensing
sub-photon level fields by showing that our system is sensitive to the temporal
shape of bias field pulses far below the single photon level. Our results
suggest a new platform for the study of stochastic quantum dynamics in
nonlinear driven-dissipative systems, and point toward possible applications in
ultrafast photonic probabilistic computing, as well as the sensing of extremely
weak fields.
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