Does entanglement enhance single-molecule pulsed biphoton spectroscopy?

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2307.02204v1
• Date: Wed, 5 Jul 2023 11:03:00 GMT
• Title: Does entanglement enhance single-molecule pulsed biphoton spectroscopy?
• Authors: Aiman Khan, Francesco Albarelli, and Animesh Datta
• Abstract summary: We show that the spectroscopic information has three contributions, only one of which is a genuine two-photon contribution. When the matter system spontaneously emits into inaccessible modes, an advantage due to entanglement can not be ruled out. We thus establish that biphoton spectroscopy using source-engineered PDC probes and unentangled measurements can provide tangible quantum enhancement.
• Score: 0.1529342790344802
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: It depends. For a single molecule interacting with one mode of a biphoton probe, we show that the spectroscopic information has three contributions, only one of which is a genuine two-photon contribution. When all the scattered light can be measured, solely this contribution exists and can be fully extracted using unentangled measurements. Furthermore, this two-photon contribution can, in principle, be matched by an optimised but unentangled single-photon probe. When the matter system spontaneously emits into inaccessible modes, an advantage due to entanglement can not be ruled out. In practice, time-frequency entanglement does enhance spectroscopic performance of the oft-studied weakly-pumped spontaneous parametric down conversion (PDC) probes. For two-level systems and coupled dimers, more entangled PDC probes yield more spectroscopic information, even in the presence of emission into inaccessible modes. Moreover, simple, unentangled measurements can capture between 60% - 90% of the spectroscopic information. We thus establish that biphoton spectroscopy using source-engineered PDC probes and unentangled measurements can provide tangible quantum enhancement. Our work underscores the intricate role of entanglement in single-molecule spectroscopy using quantum light.

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