Supersensitive phase estimation by thermal light in a Kerr-nonlinear interferometric setup

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2308.13267v2
• Date: Wed, 17 Jul 2024 13:23:58 GMT
• Title: Supersensitive phase estimation by thermal light in a Kerr-nonlinear interferometric setup
• Authors: Nilakantha Meher, Eilon Poem, Tomáš Opatrný, Ofer Firstenberg, Gershon Kurizki,
• Abstract summary: We show that supersensitive phase estimation is achievable by textitincoherent, e.g., textitthermal, light injected into a Mach-Zehnder interferometer via a Kerr-nonlinear two-mode coupler. Phase error is shown to be reduced below $1/barn$, $barn$ being the mean photon number, by thermal input in such interferometric setups.
• Score: 0.0
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: Estimation of the phase delay between interferometer arms is the core of transmission phase microscopy. Such phase estimation may exhibit an error below the standard quantum (shot-noise) limit, if the input is an entangled two-mode state, e.g., a N00N state. We show, by contrast, that such supersensitive phase estimation (SSPE) is achievable by \textit{incoherent}, e.g., \textit{thermal}, light that is injected into a Mach-Zehnder interferometer via a Kerr-nonlinear two-mode coupler. Phase error is shown to be reduced below $1/\bar{n}$, $\bar{n}$ being the mean photon number, by thermal input in such interferometric setups, even for small nonlinear phase-shifts per photon pair or for significant photon loss. Remarkably, the phase accuracy achievable in such setups by thermal input surpasses that of coherent light with the same $\bar{n}$. Available mode couplers with giant Kerr nonlinearity that stems either from dipole-dipole interactions of Rydberg polaritons in a cold atomic gas, or from cavity-enhanced dispersive atom-field interactions, may exploit such effects to substantially advance interferometric phase microscopy using incoherent, faint light sources.

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