Benchmarking the ability of a controller to execute quantum error corrected non-Clifford circuits

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2311.07121v3
• Date: Sun, 10 Nov 2024 00:40:21 GMT
• Title: Benchmarking the ability of a controller to execute quantum error corrected non-Clifford circuits
• Authors: Yaniv Kurman, Lior Ella, Ramon Szmuk, Oded Wertheim, Benedikt Dorschner, Sam Stanwyck, Yonatan Cohen,
• Abstract summary: We show that the feasibility of an error corrected non-Clifford circuits hinges upon the classical control system running the QEC codes. We analyze how the QEC control system latency performance determines the operation regime of a QEC circuit.
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• Abstract: Reaching useful fault-tolerant quantum computation relies on successfully implementing quantum error correction (QEC). In QEC, quantum gates and measurements are performed to encode quantum logic in a spatially nonlocal wavefunction within an error protected Hilbert space. To reach protected logic, classical processing is used to decode the measurements into estimated local errors and eventually logical errors. To date, QEC research has concentrated on developing and evaluating QEC codes and decoding algorithms. In this work, we elucidate that the feasibility of an error corrected non-Clifford circuits hinges upon the classical control system running the QEC codes. In particular, QEC controllers need to perform a key task: decoding-based feed-forward with low latency, defined as the time between the last measurement to be decoded and a mid-circuit quantum operation that depends on it. We analyze how the QEC control system latency performance determines the operation regime of a QEC circuit: latency divergence, classical-controller limited runtime, or quantum-operation limited runtime. This, in turn, implies that any control system intended to execute QEC will need to be evaluated on its ability to perform low-latency decoding-based feed-forward. We define here two near-term benchmarks that evaluate this ability, thus quantifying the potential of holistic QEC controller-decoder systems to successfully execute QEC. These benchmarks and analysis set a standard for evaluating and developing QEC control systems toward their realization as a main component in fault-tolerant quantum computation.

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