Benchmarking the ability of a controller to execute quantum error corrected non-Clifford circuits

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2311.07121v4
• Date: Fri, 29 Aug 2025 10:10:26 GMT
• Title: Benchmarking the ability of a controller to execute quantum error corrected non-Clifford circuits
• Authors: Yaniv Kurman, Lior Ella, Ramon Szmuk, Oded Wertheim, Benedikt Dorschner, Sam Stanwyck, Yonatan Cohen,
• Abstract summary: We introduce benchmarks to evaluate the capability of a combined controller-decoder system to run non-Clifford QEC circuits.<n>We show that executing an error-corrected non-Clifford circuit, comprised of numerous non-Clifford gates, strictly hinges upon the classical controller-decoder system.
• Score: 0.11726720776908521
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: Reaching fault-tolerant quantum computation relies on the successful implementation of non-Clifford circuits with quantum error correction (QEC). In QEC, quantum gates and measurements encode quantum information into an error-protected Hilbert space, while classical processing decodes the measurements into logical errors. QEC non-Clifford gates pose the greatest computation challenge from the classical controller perspective, as they require mid-circuit decoding-dependent feed-forward, modifying the physical gate sequence based on the decoding outcome of previous measurements within the same circuit. In this work, we introduce the first benchmarks to holistically evaluate the capability of a combined controller-decoder system to run non-Clifford QEC circuits. We show that executing an error-corrected non-Clifford circuit, comprised of numerous non-Clifford gates, strictly hinges upon the classical controller-decoder system. Particularly, its ability to perform decoding-based feed-forward with low-latency, defined as the time between the last measurement required for decoding and the dependent mid-circuit quantum operation. We analyze how the system latency dictates the circuit operational regime: latency divergence, classical-controller-limited runtime, or quantum-operation-limited runtime. Based on this understanding, we introduce latency-based benchmarks to set a standard for developing QEC control systems as an essential components of fault-tolerant quantum computation.

Related papers

• Compilation-informed probabilistic quantum error cancellation [2.079863206645103]
  We introduce a quantum error mitigation (QEM) scheme against both compilation errors and logical-gate noise that is circuit-, QEC code-, and compiler-agnostic.<n>It features maximal circuit size and QEC code-distance both independent of the target precision, in contrast to strategies based on QEC alone.<n>Our method significantly reduces quantum resource requirements for high-precision estimations, offering a practical route towards fault-tolerant quantum computation with precision-independent overheads.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2025-08-27T18:00:10Z)
• Benchmarking fault-tolerant quantum computing hardware via QLOPS [2.0464713282534848]
  To run quantum algorithms, it is essential to develop scalable quantum hardware with low noise levels.<n>Various fault-tolerant quantum computing schemes have been developed for different hardware platforms.<n>We propose Quantum Logical Operations Per Second (QLOPS) as a metric for assessing the performance of FTQC schemes.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2025-07-16T08:31:51Z)
• Quantum Circuit Design for Decoded Quantum Interferometry [0.44998333629984877]
  Decoded Quantum Interferometry (DQI) is a proposed quantum algorithm for approximating solutions to linear optimization problems. A central challenge in realizing DQI is the design of a decoder that operates coherently on quantum superpositions. We present a concrete quantum circuit implementation of DQI, with a focus on the decoding subroutine.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2025-04-25T13:21:54Z)
• Variational Quantum Machine Learning with Quantum Error Detection [0.6435156676256051]
  Quantum machine learning (QML) is an emerging field that promises advantages such as faster training, improved reliability and superior extraction over classical counterparts. Its implementation on quantum hardware is challenging due to the noise inherent in these systems, necessitating the use of quantum error correction (QEC) codes. Current QML research remains primarily theoretical, often assuming noise-free environments and offering little insight into the integration of QEC with QML.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2025-04-09T10:56:21Z)
• Controller-decoder system requirements derived by implementing Shor's algorithm with surface code [0.5592394503914488]
  Quantum Error Correction (QEC) is widely regarded as the most promising path towards quantum advantage. We show that the controller-decoder closed-loop latency must remain within tens of microseconds, achievable through parallelizing decoding tasks. We also simulate the complete fault-tolerant factorization circuit at the physical level, demonstrating that near-term hardware performance, such as a physical error rate of 0.1% and 1000 qubits, are sufficient for the successful execution of the circuit.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2024-11-29T23:55:29Z)
• Architecting a reliable quantum operating system: microkernel, message passing and supercomputing [55.616364225463066]
  A quantum operating system (QCOS) is a classic software running on classic hardware. We discuss why a QCOS should be architected according to the following principles.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2024-10-17T12:24:55Z)
• Quantum Compiling with Reinforcement Learning on a Superconducting Processor [55.135709564322624]
  We develop a reinforcement learning-based quantum compiler for a superconducting processor. We demonstrate its capability of discovering novel and hardware-amenable circuits with short lengths. Our study exemplifies the codesign of the software with hardware for efficient quantum compilation.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2024-06-18T01:49:48Z)
• QuantumSEA: In-Time Sparse Exploration for Noise Adaptive Quantum Circuits [82.50620782471485]
  QuantumSEA is an in-time sparse exploration for noise-adaptive quantum circuits. It aims to achieve two key objectives: (1) implicit circuits capacity during training and (2) noise robustness. Our method establishes state-of-the-art results with only half the number of quantum gates and 2x time saving of circuit executions.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2024-01-10T22:33:00Z)
• QuBEC: Boosting Equivalence Checking for Quantum Circuits with QEC Embedding [4.15692939468851]
  We propose a Decision Diagram-based quantum equivalence checking approach, QuBEC, that requires less latency compared to existing techniques. Our proposed methodology reduces verification time on certain benchmark circuits by up to $271.49 times$.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2023-09-19T16:12:37Z)
• Implementing fault-tolerant non-Clifford gates using the [[8,3,2]] color code [0.0]
  We observe improved performance for encoded circuits implementing non-Clifford gates.<n>Our results illustrate the potential of using codes with quantum gates to implement non-trivial algorithms.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2023-09-15T18:00:02Z)
• Quantum Imitation Learning [74.15588381240795]
  We propose quantum imitation learning (QIL) with a hope to utilize quantum advantage to speed up IL. We develop two QIL algorithms, quantum behavioural cloning (Q-BC) and quantum generative adversarial imitation learning (Q-GAIL) Experiment results demonstrate that both Q-BC and Q-GAIL can achieve comparable performance compared to classical counterparts.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2023-04-04T12:47:35Z)
• Real-Time Decoding for Fault-Tolerant Quantum Computing: Progress, Challenges and Outlook [0.8066496490637088]
  We highlight some of the key challenges facing the implementation of real-time decoders. We lay out our perspective for the future development and provide a possible roadmap for the field of real-time decoding.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2023-02-28T19:51:03Z)
• Deep Quantum Error Correction [73.54643419792453]
  Quantum error correction codes (QECC) are a key component for realizing the potential of quantum computing. In this work, we efficiently train novel emphend-to-end deep quantum error decoders. The proposed method demonstrates the power of neural decoders for QECC by achieving state-of-the-art accuracy.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2023-01-27T08:16:26Z)
• Transversal Injection: A method for direct encoding of ancilla states for non-Clifford gates using stabiliser codes [55.90903601048249]
  We introduce a protocol to potentially reduce this overhead for non-Clifford gates. Preliminary results hint at high quality fidelities at larger distances.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2022-11-18T06:03:10Z)
• Potential and limitations of quantum extreme learning machines [55.41644538483948]
  We present a framework to model QRCs and QELMs, showing that they can be concisely described via single effective measurements. Our analysis paves the way to a more thorough understanding of the capabilities and limitations of both QELMs and QRCs.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2022-10-03T09:32:28Z)
• Fault-tolerant circuit synthesis for universal fault-tolerant quantum computing [0.0]
  We present a quantum circuit synthesis algorithm for implementing universal fault-tolerant quantum computing based on geometricd codes. We show how to synthesize the set of universal fault-tolerant protocols for $[[7,1,3]]$ Steane code and the syndrome measurement protocol of $[[23, 1, 7]]$ Golay code.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2022-06-06T15:43:36Z)
• Measurement based estimator scheme for continuous quantum error correction [52.77024349608834]
  Canonical discrete quantum error correction (DQEC) schemes use projective von Neumann measurements on stabilizers to discretize the error syndromes into a finite set. Quantum error correction (QEC) based on continuous measurement, known as continuous quantum error correction (CQEC), can be executed faster than DQEC and can also be resource efficient. We show that by constructing a measurement-based estimator (MBE) of the logical qubit to be protected, it is possible to accurately track the errors occurring on the physical qubits in real time.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2022-03-25T09:07:18Z)
• Reducing the cost of energy estimation in the variational quantum eigensolver algorithm with robust amplitude estimation [50.591267188664666]
  Quantum chemistry and materials is one of the most promising applications of quantum computing. Much work is still to be done in matching industry-relevant problems in these areas with quantum algorithms that can solve them.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2022-03-14T16:51:36Z)
• Reducing runtime and error in VQE using deeper and noisier quantum circuits [0.0]
  A core of many quantum algorithms including VQE, can be improved in terms of precision and accuracy by using a technique we call Robust Amplitude Estimation. By using deeper, and therefore more error-prone, quantum circuits, we realize more accurate quantum computations in less time. This technique may be used to speed up quantum computations into the regime of early fault-tolerant quantum computation.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2021-10-20T17:11:29Z)
• QECOOL: On-Line Quantum Error Correction with a Superconducting Decoder for Surface Code [2.2749157557381245]
  Surface code (SC) associated with its decoding algorithm is one of the most promising quantum error correction (QEC) methods. In this paper, we propose an online-QEC algorithm and its hardware implementation with superconducting digital circuits. Our decoder is simulated on a quantum error simulator for code 5 to 13 and achieves a 1.0% accuracy threshold.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2021-03-26T01:51:15Z)
• Fault-tolerant Coding for Quantum Communication [71.206200318454]
  encode and decode circuits to reliably send messages over many uses of a noisy channel. For every quantum channel $T$ and every $eps>0$ there exists a threshold $p(epsilon,T)$ for the gate error probability below which rates larger than $C-epsilon$ are fault-tolerantly achievable. Our results are relevant in communication over large distances, and also on-chip, where distant parts of a quantum computer might need to communicate under higher levels of noise.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2020-09-15T15:10:50Z)
• Experimental implementation of non-Clifford interleaved randomized benchmarking with a controlled-S gate [0.1759008116536278]
  In some applications access to a non-Clifford two-qubit gate can result in more optimal circuit decompositions. We demonstrate calibration of a low error non-Clifford Controlled-$fracpi2$ phase (CS) gate on a cloud based IBM Quantum computing.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2020-07-16T18:00:02Z)

This list is automatically generated from the titles and abstracts of the papers in this site.

This site does not guarantee the quality of this site (including all information) and is not responsible for any consequences.