Dynamics of a Nonequilibrium Discontinuous Quantum Phase Transition in a Spinor Bose-Einstein Condensate

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2312.16555v1
• Date: Wed, 27 Dec 2023 12:39:23 GMT
• Title: Dynamics of a Nonequilibrium Discontinuous Quantum Phase Transition in a Spinor Bose-Einstein Condensate
• Authors: Matthew T. Wheeler, Hayder Salman, Magnus O. Borgh
• Abstract summary: We show that critical scaling behavior in a first-order quantum phase transition can be understood from generic properties. We predict the onset of the decay of the metastable state on short times scales and the number of resulting phase-separated ferromagnetic domains at longer times.
• Score: 0.0
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: Symmetry-breaking quantum phase transitions lead to the production of topological defects or domain walls in a wide range of physical systems. In second-order transitions, these exhibit universal scaling laws described by the Kibble-Zurek mechanism, but for first-order transitions a similarly universal approach is still lacking. Here we propose a spinor Bose-Einstein condensate as a testbed system where critical scaling behavior in a first-order quantum phase transition can be understood from generic properties. We generalize the Kibble-Zurek mechanism to determine the critical exponents for: (1) the onset of the decay of the metastable state on short times scales, and (2) the number of resulting phase-separated ferromagnetic domains at longer times, as a one-dimensional spin-1 condensate is ramped across a first-order quantum phase transition. The predictions are in excellent agreement with mean-field numerical simulations and provide a paradigm for studying the decay of metastable states in experimentally accessible systems.

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