Spotting LLMs With Binoculars: Zero-Shot Detection of Machine-Generated Text

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2401.12070v3
• Date: Sun, 13 Oct 2024 19:12:59 GMT
• Title: Spotting LLMs With Binoculars: Zero-Shot Detection of Machine-Generated Text
• Authors: Abhimanyu Hans, Avi Schwarzschild, Valeriia Cherepanova, Hamid Kazemi, Aniruddha Saha, Micah Goldblum, Jonas Geiping, Tom Goldstein,
• Abstract summary: A score based on contrasting two closely related language models is highly accurate at separating human-generated and machine-generated text. We propose a novel LLM detector that only requires simple calculations using a pair of pre-trained LLMs. The method, called Binoculars, achieves state-of-the-art accuracy without any training data.
• Score: 98.28130949052313
• License:
• Abstract: Detecting text generated by modern large language models is thought to be hard, as both LLMs and humans can exhibit a wide range of complex behaviors. However, we find that a score based on contrasting two closely related language models is highly accurate at separating human-generated and machine-generated text. Based on this mechanism, we propose a novel LLM detector that only requires simple calculations using a pair of pre-trained LLMs. The method, called Binoculars, achieves state-of-the-art accuracy without any training data. It is capable of spotting machine text from a range of modern LLMs without any model-specific modifications. We comprehensively evaluate Binoculars on a number of text sources and in varied situations. Over a wide range of document types, Binoculars detects over 90% of generated samples from ChatGPT (and other LLMs) at a false positive rate of 0.01%, despite not being trained on any ChatGPT data.

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