Critical quantum metrology robust against dissipation and non-adiabaticity

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2403.04475v1
• Date: Thu, 7 Mar 2024 13:19:41 GMT
• Title: Critical quantum metrology robust against dissipation and non-adiabaticity
• Authors: Jia-Hao L\"u, Wen Ning, Fan Wu, Ri-Hua Zheng, Ken Chen, Xin Zhu, Zhen-Biao Yang, Huai-Zhi Wu, and Shi-Biao Zheng
• Abstract summary: A critical system near quantum phase transitions was predicted to be useful for improvement of metrological precision. We show how to encode the signal to some physical quantity of a critical system using critical behaviors in the Jaynes-Cummings model. We demonstrate such a metrological protocol in a superconducting circuit, where an Xmon qubit, interacting with a resonator, is used as a probe for estimating the amplitude of a microwave field.
• Score: 7.185507919945175
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: Critical systems near quantum phase transitions were predicted to be useful for improvement of metrological precision, thanks to their ultra-sensitive response to a tiny variation of the control Hamiltonian. Despite the promising perspective, realization of criticality-enhanced quantum metrology is an experimentally challenging task, mainly owing to the extremely long time needed to encode the signal to some physical quantity of a critical system. We here circumvent this problem by making use of the critical behaviors in the Jaynes-Cummings model, comprising a single qubit and a photonic resonator, to which the signal field is coupled. The information about the field amplitude is encoded in the qubit's excitation number in the dark state, which displays a divergent changing rate at the critical point. The most remarkable feature of this critical sensor is that the performance is insensitive to the leakage to bright eigenstates, caused by decoherence and non-adiabatic effects. We demonstrate such a metrological protocol in a superconducting circuit, where an Xmon qubit, interacting with a resonator, is used as a probe for estimating the amplitude of a microwave field coupled to the resonator. The measured quantum Fisher information exhibits a critical quantum enhancement, confirming the potential of this system for quantum metrology.

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