Out-of-equilibrium Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2406.04684v5
• Date: Thu, 20 Feb 2025 15:06:27 GMT
• Title: Out-of-equilibrium Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis
• Authors: Laura Foini, Anatoly Dymarsky, Silvia Pappalardi,
• Abstract summary: Understanding how out-of-equilibrium states thermalize under quantum unitary dynamics is an important problem in many-body physics. We propose a statistical ansatz for the matrix elements of non-equilibrium initial states in the energy eigenbasis. We numerically verify scaling and cross-correlation, point out the emergent universality of the high-frequency behavior, and outline possible generalizations.
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• Abstract: Understanding how out-of-equilibrium states thermalize under quantum unitary dynamics is an important problem in many-body physics. In this work, we propose a statistical ansatz for the matrix elements of non-equilibrium initial states in the energy eigenbasis, in order to describe such evolution. The approach is inspired by the Eigenstate Thermalisation Hypothesis (ETH) but the proposed ansatz exhibits different scaling. Importantly, we point out the exponentially small cross-correlations between the observable and the initial state matrix elements that determine relaxation dynamics toward equilibrium. We numerically verify scaling and cross-correlation, point out the emergent universality of the high-frequency behavior, and outline possible generalizations.

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