Security Attacks Abusing Pulse-level Quantum Circuits

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2406.05941v2
• Date: Fri, 08 Nov 2024 18:18:11 GMT
• Title: Security Attacks Abusing Pulse-level Quantum Circuits
• Authors: Chuanqi Xu, Jakub Szefer,
• Abstract summary: This work presents the first thorough exploration of the attacks on the interface between gate-level and pulse-level quantum circuits. It shows that most current software development kits are vulnerable to these new types of attacks. The exploration of security and privacy issues of the rising pulse-level quantum circuits provides insight into the future development of secure quantum software development kits and quantum computer systems.
• Score: 10.353892677735212
• License:
• Abstract: This work presents the first thorough exploration of the attacks on the interface between gate-level and pulse-level quantum circuits and pulse-level quantum circuits themselves. Typically, quantum circuits and programs that execute on quantum computers, are defined using gate-level primitives. However, to improve the expressivity of quantum circuits and to allow better optimization, pulse-level circuits are now often used. The attacks presented in this work leverage the inconsistency between the gate-level description of the custom gate, and the actual, low-level pulse implementation of this gate. By manipulating the custom gate specification, this work proposes numerous attacks: qubit plunder, qubit block, qubit reorder, timing mismatch, frequency mismatch, phase mismatch, and waveform mismatch. This work demonstrates these attacks on the real quantum computer and simulator, and shows that most current software development kits are vulnerable to these new types of attacks. In the end, this work proposes a defense framework. The exploration of security and privacy issues of the rising pulse-level quantum circuits provides insight into the future development of secure quantum software development kits and quantum computer systems.

Related papers

• Quantum Trojan Insertion: Controlled Activation for Covert Circuit Manipulation [6.354800179065428]
  Quantum circuits are essential for implementing functions and achieving correct computational outcomes. Hackers can introduce malicious hardware Trojans into quantum circuits, altering their functionality and leading to incorrect results. We propose a novel advanced quantum Trojan that is controllable, allowing it to be activated or deactivated under different circumstances.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2025-02-13T01:39:20Z)
• E-LoQ: Enhanced Locking for Quantum Circuit IP Protection [7.692750040732365]
  We propose an enhanced locking technique for quantum circuits (E-LoQ) Compared to previous work that used one qubit for each key bit, our approach achieves higher security levels. Our results demonstrate that E-LoQ effectively conceals the function of the original quantum circuit, with an average fidelity degradation of less than 1%.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2024-12-22T17:29:24Z)
• A Quantum-Classical Collaborative Training Architecture Based on Quantum State Fidelity [50.387179833629254]
  We introduce a collaborative classical-quantum architecture called co-TenQu. Co-TenQu enhances a classical deep neural network by up to 41.72% in a fair setting. It outperforms other quantum-based methods by up to 1.9 times and achieves similar accuracy while utilizing 70.59% fewer qubits.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2024-02-23T14:09:41Z)
• Quantum Circuit Reconstruction from Power Side-Channel Attacks on Quantum Computer Controllers [11.148634764855407]
  A novel type of threat to quantum circuits that dedicated attackers could launch are power trace attacks. This paper presents first formalization and demonstration of using power traces to unlock and steal quantum circuit secrets.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2024-01-29T03:56:21Z)
• QuantumSEA: In-Time Sparse Exploration for Noise Adaptive Quantum Circuits [82.50620782471485]
  QuantumSEA is an in-time sparse exploration for noise-adaptive quantum circuits. It aims to achieve two key objectives: (1) implicit circuits capacity during training and (2) noise robustness. Our method establishes state-of-the-art results with only half the number of quantum gates and 2x time saving of circuit executions.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2024-01-10T22:33:00Z)
• High-fidelity parallel entangling gates on a neutral atom quantum computer [41.74498230885008]
  We report the realization of two-qubit entangling gates with 99.5% fidelity on up to 60 atoms in parallel. These advances lay the groundwork for large-scale implementation of quantum algorithms, error-corrected circuits, and digital simulations.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2023-04-11T18:00:04Z)
• Hybrid Gate-Pulse Model for Variational Quantum Algorithms [33.73469431747376]
  Current quantum programs are mostly compiled on the gate-level, where quantum circuits are composed of quantum gates. pulse-level optimization has gained more attention from researchers due to their advantages in terms of circuit duration. We present a hybrid gate-pulse model that can mitigate these problems.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2022-12-01T17:06:35Z)
• Quantum circuit debugging and sensitivity analysis via local inversions [62.997667081978825]
  We present a technique that pinpoints the sections of a quantum circuit that affect the circuit output the most. We demonstrate the practicality and efficacy of the proposed technique by applying it to example algorithmic circuits implemented on IBM quantum machines.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2022-04-12T19:39:31Z)
• Cyberattacks on Quantum Networked Computation and Communications -- Hacking the Superdense Coding Protocol on IBM's Quantum Computers [0.0]
  We study two types of attacks on automated quantum communications protocols. We show that, due to quantum entanglement and symmetries, the second type of attack works as a way to strategically disrupt quantum communications networks.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2021-05-15T09:42:36Z)
• Enabling Pulse-level Programming, Compilation, and Execution in XACC [78.8942067357231]
  Gate-model quantum processing units (QPUs) are currently available from vendors over the cloud. Digital quantum programming approaches exist to run low-depth circuits on physical hardware. Vendors are beginning to open this pulse-level control system to the public via specified interfaces.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2020-03-26T15:08:32Z)
• Programming a quantum computer with quantum instructions [39.994876450026865]
  We use a density matrixiation protocol to execute quantum instructions on quantum data. A fixed sequence of classically-defined gates performs an operation that uniquely depends on an auxiliary quantum instruction state. The utilization of quantum instructions obviates the need for costly tomographic state reconstruction and recompilation.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2020-01-23T22:43:29Z)

This list is automatically generated from the titles and abstracts of the papers in this site.

This site does not guarantee the quality of this site (including all information) and is not responsible for any consequences.